1. Diversity of Living Things Mostly Micro-Organisms

2. The Six Kingdoms b Bacteria Lack a nucleus and grow in a variety of environmentsLack a nucleus and grow in a variety of environments b Archea Live in extreme environmentsLive in extreme environments b Protists A diverse group of organisms, comprising those eukaryotes that cannot be classified in any of the other kingdoms as fungi, animals, or plants.A diverse group of organisms, comprising those eukaryotes that cannot be classified in any of the other kingdoms as fungi, animals, or plants. b Fungi Obtain food by absorbing nutrients. They do not photosynthesize.Obtain food by absorbing nutrients. They do not photosynthesize. b Plants Non motile and obtain food through photosynthesis.Non motile and obtain food through photosynthesis. b Animals Motile and ingest food they have obtained.Motile and ingest food they have obtained.

3. The Six Kingdoms

4. Kingdom Bacteria Always all around us – no matter where you are! The Good = nitrogen fixing bacteria

5. Kingdom Bacteria The Bad = SalmonellaThe Bad = Salmonella http://picturethis.pnl.gov/PictureT.nsf/All/6_4TCN?opendocument

6. Kingdom Bacteria The Deadly = Streptococcus specifically Necrotizing Fasciitis http://www.wnysmart.org/botulism.htm http://timderifield.tumblr.com/post/1143267089/necrotizing-fasciitis 

7. Kingdom Bacteria b Classifying Bacteria Shape, structure of cell walls, sources of food and energyShape, structure of cell walls, sources of food and energy ShapeShape –cocci ~ round (singular coccus) –bacilli ~ rod shaped (singular bacillus) –spirilli ~ spiral shaped (spirillum)

8. Bacterial Reproduction b Asexual Bacterial cells lack nuclei so they can not go through mitosis or meiosis ~ binary fissionBacterial cells lack nuclei so they can not go through mitosis or meiosis ~ binary fission Optimal = 20 minutes referred to as exponential growthOptimal = 20 minutes referred to as exponential growth Single bacterium and descendants multiplying every 20 minutes would give a population of 30 000 in 5 hours.Single bacterium and descendants multiplying every 20 minutes would give a population of 30 000 in 5 hours.

9. Bacterial Reproduction b Sexual Less favourable conditions = conjugationLess favourable conditions = conjugation Creates new genetic combinations and therefore gives a better chance at survivalCreates new genetic combinations and therefore gives a better chance at survival Pili are used to transfer all or part of chromosome to other bacteriumPili are used to transfer all or part of chromosome to other bacterium b Spore Formation Dormant phase when unfavourable conditionsDormant phase when unfavourable conditions Endospore created with tough outer shellEndospore created with tough outer shell No growth or reproductionNo growth or reproduction Thousands of years can pass!Thousands of years can pass!

10. Bacteria & Medicine b Classifying is important as when infection occurs, if we know what is causing the problem, we can usually address it. b Antibiotics – in general prevent the bacteria from building or repairing cell walls and membranes, or from making more RNA or DNA. b Bacterial Resistance Bacteria exposed to antibiotics will eventually develop new strains that will be resistant to the antibioticsBacteria exposed to antibiotics will eventually develop new strains that will be resistant to the antibiotics

11. Kingdom Protista b Again can be dangerous however in most cases we do not know they even exist. b Classification into this Kingdom is mainly because they do not fit anywhere else. Malaria Toxoplasmosis

12. Kingdom Protista b Three main groupings: 1.Protozoa – animal like and are heterotrophs as they ingest food 2.Algae – plant like and are autotrophs as they carry out photosynthesis 3.Slime moulds and water moulds – fungus like and are also heterotrophs.

13. Kingdom Fungi b Fungi feed by releasing digesting enzymes into their surroundings, then absorbing the digested nutrients into their cells. Zygospore Fungi – mold on breadZygospore Fungi – mold on bread Club Fungi – eatable mushroomsClub Fungi – eatable mushrooms Sac Fungi - yeastSac Fungi - yeast

14. Fungi Reproduction b Reproduction of Fungi varies depending on the type. The reproductive cycle for common bread mold is pictured here.The reproductive cycle for common bread mold is pictured here. An interesting fact is that depending on the environment the mold is living in, that will determine what type of reproduction will be utilized: sexual or asexualAn interesting fact is that depending on the environment the mold is living in, that will determine what type of reproduction will be utilized: sexual or asexual

15. Viruses b Not considered a living organism There is no cellular structureThere is no cellular structure Basically they are DNA or RNA held within a protein coat called a capsidBasically they are DNA or RNA held within a protein coat called a capsid

16. Viral Reproduction b Lytic Cycle – virus inserts genetic information into host cell, host cell makes new copies of virus. b Harmful Viruses Hepatitis AHepatitis A Norwalk VirusNorwalk Virus RotovirusRotovirus