1. Second Chapter Plant Tissues
Definition
Tissue: the cell group which resource and function is same and morphology and structure is similar , moreover close contact each other.

2. Section one Sorts and Character
Accoding to physiological function and shape and structure , including meristem , fundamental tissue , protective tissue , mechanical tissue , conducting tissue and secretory tissue.

3. 一.The Meristems
Character, intense ability of meristem,cells are almost isodiametric with no intercellular space , and cell walls are thin with dense cytoplasm ,cells possess big nucleus without obvious vacuole.

4. Accoding to location , including
⑴apical meristem ( root tip and top stem), up grow , as a result root grow longer and stem get higher.

5. ⑵lateral meristem , (locate around the stem and root ) as a result root and stem get thicker.
⑶intercalary meristem , (base of node and leaf etc ) like shallot or leek

6. According to resource , including
⑴promeristem
⑵primary meristem
⑶secondary meristem

7. 二.Parenchyma（Ground Tissue）
Character , cells is biger, arranged loosely , various shapes ( circular , oval , rectangle , polygonal etc) and possess assimilative , store , absorbing , aerating function . So we can say Parenchyma ：the Vegetative Tissues Carrying out Multiple Functions.

8. Types:
ordinary parenchyma
assimilation parenchyma
storage parenchyma
absorbtion parenchyma
aerenchyma

9. storage parenchyma
assimilation parenchyma
Aerenchyma1.bulliformcell2.mesophyll
3.vascular bundle4.air cavity5.midrib
absorbtion parenchyma

10. 三.Protective Tissue （一）Epidermis：the Primary Protective Tissue
Character , flat quadrate,polygonal , irregular etc , moreover , table mutually , no intercellular space , possess nucleus , vacuole and little cytoplasm , no chloroplast with leucoplast and chromoplast , protecting function.

11. ⑶anisocytic type , 3-4 asymmetry accessory cells
⑴paracytic type , two accessory cells , long axises of guard cell and stoma is parallel
⑵diacytic type, two accessory cells , long axises of guard cell and stoma is uprightness
⑶anisocytic type , 3-4 asymmetry accessory cells
1.paracytic type 2.diacytic type 3.anisocytic type

12. ⑷anomocytic type , variable , similar size of accessory cells
⑸actinocytic type, variable and circular , smaller accessory cells than epidermis
4.anomocytic type 5.actinocytic type

13. non-glandular hair , no varicose bulbiform head and secretive function
2.trichome
glandular hair , varicose bulbiform head with secretive function and club-shaped stalk
▲But glandular scale only have
varicose bulbiform head.
non-glandular hair , no varicose bulbiform head and secretive function

14. glandular hair
glandular scale
non-glandular hair
non-glandular hair

15. （二）Periderm：the Secondary protective Tissue
phellem
phellogen
phelloderm

16. 1.Cuticle 2.epidermis 3.phellem 4.phellogen 5.phelloderm 6.cortex
Periderm
1.Cuticle 2.epidermis 3.phellem
4.phellogen 5.phelloderm 6.cortex

17. Definition Lenticel Periderm and lenticel
1.Origination of phellogen 2.epidermis
3.phellogen 4.phellem 5.phelloderm 6.cortex parenchyma
7.supplementary cell

18. 四.Mechanical Tissue
Character , leptosomatic , all-sided or parted thickenning of cell walls with stability and substain .Including collenchyma and sclerenchyma.

19. (一)collenchyma
thick wall at their corners , therefore they are life cells .(Mentha canadaensis)

20. Transverse and longitudinal section of collenchyma

21. （二）sclerenchyma
All-sided thickenning secondary walls , lignification with hilum and pit , lumina is smaller.

22. 1.fibre
fusiform cells with thickened walls , and smaller or even unclear lumina . ( Cortex Cinnsmomum and Glycyrrhiza uralensis )
Types xylem fibre , extraxylary fibre , seprate fibre , intercalary crystal fibre , crystal fibre

23. ⒈～⒎fibre⒍seprate fibre ⒏intercalary crystal fibre ⒐crystal fibre
sclerenchyma
⒈～⒎fibre⒍seprate fibre
⒏intercalary crystal fibre
⒐crystal fibre

24. 2.stone cell
Intensely thicken cell walls and lumina obviously reduce . (Pyrus sp. Phellodendron amuranse)

26. 五．Conducting Tissue
Character , transport water and nutritious matter (photosynthesis) . Including vessel , tracheid and sieve tube , companion cell , sieve cell .

27. (一)vessel and tracheid
Series of long tubal or canister-formed vessel member with various pit ( evenly thickened secondary wall)
Types annular vessel , spiral vessel , scalariform vessel , reticulate vessel and pited vessel

28. ⒋⒌⒍spiral vessel ⒎scalariform vessel
Types of vessel
⒈xylem parenchyma　
⒉⒊annular vessel　
⒋⒌⒍spiral vessel 　 ⒎scalariform vessel　
⒏reticulate vessel　
⒐pitted vessel

29. annular vessel　 spiral vessel

30. scalariform vessel　 reticulate vessel
pitted vessel

31. 2.tracheid The type of tracheid
1.Annular～2.spiral～3.scalariform～4.pitted～

32. (二)sieve tube , companion cell and sieve cell

33. Sieve tube and companion cell
Ⅰ.longitudinal section Ⅱ.transverse section
⒈sieve plate　⒉sieve tube　⒊companion cell　⒋leucoplast　⒌phloem parenchyma

34. 六.Secretory Tissue
Character , secrete some special matter , like volatile oil , latex , grume , resin etc.
Sorts
Exterior secretory tissue
Glandular hair
nectary

35. Inner secretory tissue
Secretory cell
Secretory cavity
Secretory canal
laticifer

36. Secretory cavity
Lysigenous secretory cavity : several large cavities surrounded by some thin-walled cells and this kind of cavity is formed by the dissolution of parenchyma . so the walls still exist . (volatile oils) for exemple , Citrus reticulata（陈皮）

37. Schizogenous secretory cavity : It will be noted small cavities of numerous 4-10 intact cells which sometimes contain secretion. for exemple ,Radix Angelica Sinansis（当归）

38. Section Two Vascular Bundle and Its Type
一.composing
Xylem: the Principal Water-Conducting Tissue in Vascular Plants (vessel , tracheid , xylem parenchyma , xylem fiber)
Phloem: the Principal Food-Conducting Tissue in Vascular Plants ( sieve tube , companion cell , phloem parenchyma , phloem fiber)

39. 1.closed collateral vascular bundle
二.sorts
1.closed collateral vascular bundle
Phloem in exterior , xylem in inner with no cambium(stem of Monocotyledoneae)
phloem
xylem

40. 2.open collateral vascular bundle
it possess cambium(stem of Dicotyledoneae or Gymnospermae)
phloem
cambium
xylem
2.Phloem 3.cambium 4.xylem

41. 3.bicollateral vascular bundle
Xylem in middle,phloem in exterior and interior (Solanaceae,Apocynaceae or Asclepiadaceae)
phloem
xylem
phloem

42. 4.amphicribral vascular bundle
xylem in middle,there is phloem around
(Liliaceae,Gramineae,Polygonaceae or Pteridophyta)

43. 5.amphivasal vascular bundle
Phloem in middle,there is xylem around( Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii)

44. 6.radial vascular bundle
Radial arrangement with distant xylem and phloem(primary structere of root of Ditotyledoneae)
phloem
xylem

45. Bicollateral
vascular bundle
Open collateral
vascular bundle
Closed collateral
vascular bundle
Amphicribral
vascular bundle
Amphivasal
vascular bundle
Radial
vascular bundle

46. Ⅰ open collateral vascular bundle Ⅱ Amphicribral vascular bundle Ⅲ Bicollateral vascular bundle Ⅳ Amphivasal vascular bundle ⅤRadial vascular bundle

47. Review Questions
一.Definition
Periderm , intercalary crystal fibre, crystal fibre , vascular bundle
二.simple answer
1.How about the types and function of the tissue?
2.what is the types of the stoma?
3.what is the trichome ?
4.where is the difference of collenchyma and sclerenchyma?

48. 5.which types has the vessel?
6.what is the exterior and inner secretory tissue?