1. Power & Freedom Michel Foucault
The Body of the Condemned
(Political Science 506)

2. Michel Foucault Social theorist & critic 1926-1984
“Critical history” of modernity
Postmodernism & poststructuralism
Left-wing politics
Madness & Civilization
Discipline & Punish
The History of Sexuality
First major figure in France to die of complications from HIV/AIDS

4. Discipline Causing people to behave in particular ways
Can be via punishment, the threat of punishment, surveillance, or reward
Old types of discipline rooted in spectacle, personal power
Foucault argues that modern discipline is based in surveillance, and takes place in private
Power omnipresent, and need never be exercised
Prisons, schools, hospitals, militaries, factories are interacting institutions that rely on identical forms of discipline, creating individuals who act in cooperation for maximal economic productivity
Modern punishment disciplines individuals by working on their souls
Not preventing particular bad acts, but creating a desired kind of person

5. Disciplines Individuating Name & define individuals for treatment
Normal
Interlocking, the network of disciplines works together to create an edifice of power through omnipresent surveillance, the “panopticon”
Martial discipline
Psychology
Biology
Penal philosophy
Medicine & health
Sexuality
Sociology
Ethics
Etc. etc. etc.

6. Architecture “Architectures” of power
The space in which people live & interact
Power more present in these architectures than in individuals
While individuals may occupy particular nodes within these networks of power, the power resides in the architecture
Literal and metaphorical
Networks
What are the beliefs and behaviors encouraged by a particular structure?