2. Non-Normative : descriptive Normative: seeks grounds for determining good Consequentialism: rightness determined by cause or effects of action Egoism: rightness determined by maximizing personal long term best interests. Utilitarianism: rightness determined by the general good of all collectively Act: case by case consideration Rule: the rules trump the individual case considerations. Fallibilism: value is subject to revisions. So no end justifies every means. Deontic Kant: do no harm

3. Limits Moral discourse to behavioral descriptions. Asserts no particular grounds comparative approbation of behaviors May include moral skepticism, emotivism, or other non-cognitive approach.

4. Seeks grounds for behavioral preferences or Special grounds for the meaning of moral terms like ‘good’.

5. Rightness determined by cause or effects of action

6. Egoism Act Utilitarianism Rule Utilitarianism Fallibilism

7. Rightness determined by maximizing personal long term best interests.

8. Rightness determined by the general good of all collectively and decided on case by case considerations.

9. Rightness determined by the general good of all collectively. Once the greater good is found for a class of behaviors a rule is determined and the rules trump the individual case considerations.

10. Value itself is subject to revision so it is not possible for a token of an end to justify every possible means.

12. Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law