1. AMANI campaign حملة اماني Interagency Child Protection and GBV Inter-agency CP/SGBV awareness-raising campaign

2. SESSION 4: BEHAVIOURAL & SOCIAL CHANGE

3. SESSION OBJECTIVES By the end of this session, participants will be able to:  Understand how change occurs  Describe why change occurs & why we work with communities to make change  Identify actors of change

4. How and why individuals and communities change?  A lot of research has been done into how and why individuals & societies change.  In session 2, we explained & discussed the following key terms: -Behavioural change - Community change - Social change  In this session, we will examine how and why people and communities change.

5. Individual Behavioural Change

6. Exercise on Knowledge, Attitudes & Practice  Break into 4 groups  2 groups to use the vignette on early marriage, and 2 groups to use the vignette on child discipline (see next slide for vignettes)  Determine: -what you would do to change the knowledge, attitudes and practice of the individual in the vignette -What’s most difficult to change?

7. Exercise on Knowledge, Attitudes & Practice Vignette # 1: A SY family in Irbid wants to marry off Lina, their 15 year old daughter, to her cousin next month. They believe Lina’s cousin would be able to protect her and care for her and that she’s better off becoming a housewife than continuing with her education. Vignette # 2: Maha, mother of 5, recently arrived from SY in Zaatri. Her husband died in the conflict & she is left alone to support her children. Every now and then Maha beats her children & sometimes whips them with the belt to discipline them when they disobey her or when they misbehave.

8. Stages of individual behavioural change Work in Pairs: Together with your partner put the below stages in the right order & then determine the implication of this for our work on prevention of violence? Becoming aware An individual begins to wonder if the issue/problem relates to her/his life. Adopting a new behaviour An individual begins to try new and different ways of thinking and behaving. Maintenance An individual recognizes the benefits of the behaviour change and maintains the behaviour Becoming motivated to try something new An individual gets more information and develops an intention to act. Not being aware An individual is unaware of the issue/problem and its consequences for her/his life.

9. Stages of individual behavioural change Stage 1 not being aware An individual is unaware of the issue/problem and its consequences for her/his life. Stage 2 becoming aware An individual begins to wonder if the issue/problem relates to her/his life. Stage 3 becoming motivated to try something new An individual gets more information and develops an intention to act. Stage 4 adopting a new behaviour An individual begins to try new and different ways of thinking and behaving. Stage 5 Maintenance An individual recognizes the benefits of the behaviour change and maintains the behaviour

10. Social Change

11. Social change Individuals rarely change all by themselves. What parents, other caregivers, children and adolescents decide to do is often influenced by what others are doing around them. To change social behaviour means changing the everyday views and practices of families and communities. Resistance can be expected when social norms are challenged. This is because change involves shifting the dynamics of a group on fundamental issues related to gender roles, power relations and many other factors within the family or community. But acceptance can become contagious when people begin to see and hear benefits from the change, and interest spreads, prompting others to adopt the new behaviour that can benefit their lives. Eventually, the behaviour is considered normal practice by everyone. Discuss in plenary: What is the implication of all this for our work?

12. Community mobilisation for CP and GBV in emergencies Changing violent behaviour is particularly difficult. Why? 1.Violence is often learnt from childhood. 2.Violence against women and children connected to important social values Emergencies offer opportunity for change as often accompanied by social changes in boys, girls, women and men’s roles

13. Your experience with change Work in 3s or 4s: We’ve already talked about change happening at 2 levels (individual & community levels). Now, we will talk about your experience with change. 1. Think about when you changed your individual behaviour? How did this happen? What made you change? 2.Think about a major social change in your community. How did this change happen? Write down each point on a separate VIPP card then discuss in 3- 4 to identify common themes. When done, feedback in plenary

14. Brainstorm in Plenary  Why do people change?  How do you think change happens?  Who are the actors of change?

15. Factors for social change Change in physical environment ( climate change) Population change, demography, ethnicity, immigration Technology ( communication methods, inventions..etc) Location: regions, countries.. Environment ( weather, climate, population..etc) Economic relations: ( class issues) Scientific evolution,( telecommunication, medical, transportation..etc) Politics and power relations: Culture ( religion, history, education, language, emerge of ideology)

16. Factors for social change Discuss in pairs What do you think are the most relevant factors to refugees? What relevant changes are happening and what opportunities & challenges does this present for preventing & responding to GBV/CP? Examples:  Many children who are currently working were not working previously. This is a challenge. While early marriage is a culturally acceptable practice in some areas in SY, this has increased as a result of the crises for a number of other factors (e.g. for protection; economic support; access to services, etc)

17. Process of social change Internal and external mechanism Change can be imposed due to external interference such as impose new law and regulations by power, by religion… Internal mechanism: process of slow change in norms, morals and family relations, involved dialogue, negotiations and collective actions for change

18. Discuss in pairs Why work with communities to make change?

19. Research shows that community-led protection actions are: More likely to address visible CP/GBV issues Less likely to address sensitive or ‘taboo’ subjects

20. Why work with communities to make change? لماذا العمل مع المجتمعات لإحداث التغيير ؟ Based on the principle that communities themselves are best positioned to identify protection threats and find solutions. Most GBV and CP issues are dealt with at community level; few get to formal service providers Based on how individuals and communities change: this cannot be imposed from outside Changing violent behaviour is particularly difficult. Why? 1.Violence is often learnt from childhood. 2.Violence against women and children connected to important social values استنادا إلى المبدأ القائل بأن المجتمعات المحلية نفسها تكون في وضع أفضل لتحديد التهديدات التي تؤثر على الامن والحمايه ،وبالتالي إيجاد حلول لها. فإن معظم قضايا العنف ضد الاطفال والإساءه يتم التعامل معها على مستوى المجتمع المحلي؛ قليلة فقط القضايا التي تصل لمقدمي الخدمات الرسمية حسب نظريات كيفية تغيرسلوكك الافراد والمجتمعات ، لا يمكن فرض التغيير من الخارج تغيير السلوك العنيف ، بشكل خاص، صعب ومعقد. لماذا؟ 1. لأنه غالبا ما يكون سلوك العنف مكتسبا من الطفولة، 2. العنف ضد النساء والأطفال متصلا بقيم إجتماعية مهمه Emergencies offer opportunity for change as often accompanied by social changes in boys, girls, women and men’s roles حالات الطوارئ توفر فرصة للتغيير لكونها تترافق في كثير من الأحيان مع تغيرات في الادوار الاجتماعية التقليدية لكل من الفتيان والفتيات والنساء الرجال

21. Key Learning Points Societies tend to change all the time, its continuous process Cultures takes longer time to change, Nothing wrong and right about social change theories, just appropriate or inappropriate in given circumstances, External and internal factors together bring social change Some elements of culture change faster than the others. The gap between the two has been referred as cultural lag ( i.e change on education but not on equality issues) Social change is sometimes intentional but often unplanned. Social change can be controversial. Social change brings both good and bad consequences ( i.e impact of industrialization on workers) Social change can induce change of power relations inside the society