1. Memory

3. Memory … … is an organism's ability to store, retain, and recall information.

4. Three Kinds of Memory

5. Sensory Memory … is the ability to retain impressions of sensory information after the original stimulus has ceased.

6. Sensory Memory The two types of sensory memory that have been most explored are visual memory and auditory memory.

7. Short-Term Memory Short-term memory has two characteristics: Information that enters it is available for only a very limited time unless it is actively processed. It has limited capacities.

8. Long-term Memory Information is normally transferred into long- term memory through an attention-related process.

9. Kinds of Long-Term Memory

10. Three Stages of Memory ENCODING STORAGE RETRIEVAL

11. Types of Encoding Automatic encoding Attentional encoding Maintenance rehearsal Elaborative rehearsal

12. Flashbulb Memories … are the very vivid recollections we sometimes form of dramatic incidents. Why do you easily remember terrifying events?

13. Mood Affects Memory Emotion can have a powerful impact on memory. Numerous studies have shown that the most vivid autobiographical memories tend to be of emotional events, which are likely to be recalled more often and with more clarity and detail than neutral events.

14. When you’re sad, what kind of things do you remember?

15. Critical thinking question A television station showed a short film of a young woman walking down a hallway. Suddenly, a man in a brown leather jacket jumped out of a doorway, ran toward the woman, grabbed her purse, and knocked her down. As the assailant ran away, his face was visible for several seconds. The entire film lasted 12 seconds. TV viewers were asked to look at a lineup of six men to decide if the assailant was among them, and if so to pick him out and call in the correct choice to the station. Of the more than 2,000 viewers who called in to identify the assailant, only a small proportion (14 percent) were correct. The remaining 1,800 viewers identified the wrong man. Why did so many people identify the wrong man as the assailant?

16. Mnemonic Techniques Chunking The method of loci Pegword system

17. Explanations for Forgetting Encoding failures Interference Motivated forgetting Decay theory

18. Where are memories stored and how are they formed? Memories are formed and stored in at least six major and different structures in the brain.