1. Water soluble vitamins ГАПОУ НСО«Барабинский медицинский колледж» Подготовила преподаватель Калинина Е.В.

2. Vitamins  Organic, essential nutrients  Needed in the body in small amounts  Perform specific functions that promote  growth  Reproduction  Maintenance of health and life

3.  Vita – vital to life  Amine – first thought to be an amino acid  Two groups  Water soluble  Fat soluble

4. Water Soluble Vitamins  Soluble in water  Not stored in the body (to any degree)  Most are not toxic  Excreted by the kidneys in the urine  Need a constant supply  B Complex Vitamins  Vitamin C

6. The B Vitamins  The B vitamins are very active in the body  Some form parts of coenzymes  assists enzymes in the release of energy.  Some participate in metabolism and cell multiplication.

8. Thiamin (Vit B¹)  Necessary for energy metabolism  Deficiency  Beri-Beri  Enlarged heart and possible cardiac failure  Muscular weakness  Apathy, poor short-term memory, confusion, and irritability  Anorexia and weight loss

9. Thiamin (Vit B¹)

10.  Wet beriberi presents with edema.  Dry beriberi presents with muscle wasting. Toxicity None knownNone known

11. Thiamin  Food Sources  Whole-grain, fortified or enriched grain products  Pork  Soy milk  Moderate amounts in all foods

12. Riboflavin (Vitamin B 2 )  Necessary for energy metabolism Deficiency Disease – ariboflavinosis Inflamed eyelids, Sensitivity to light, Reddening of the cornea

13. Riboflavin (Vitamin B 2 )  Deficiency continued:  Cracks and redness at the corners of the mouth (Cheilosis)  Painful, smooth and purplish red tongue  Skin lesions covered with greasy scales Toxicity - None

14. Riboflavin (Vitamin B 2 ) Deficiency

15.  Food sources  Liver  Milk products, including yogurt and cheese  Enriched and whole grains

16. Niacin (B³)  Functions in energy metabolism  Deficiency Disease – Pellagra  Deficiency Symptoms  Diarrhea, abdominal pain, and vomiting  Inflamed, swollen, smooth and bright red tongue  Depression, apathy, fatigue, loss of memory, and headache  Rash when exposed to sunlight

17. Pellagra  Characterized by:  4 “D’s ”  Diarrhea  Dermatitis  Dementia  Death  Caused by:  3 “M’s”  Maize  Molasses  Meat

19. Niacin Toxicity  Niacin flush dilates the capillaries and may be painful.  Toxicity Symptoms  Painful flush, hives and rash  Excessive sweating  Blurred vision  Liver damage  Impaired glucose tolerance

20. Niacin (Vitamin B 3 )  Niacin Food Sources Milk  Eggs, meat, poultry and fish  Whole-grain and enriched breads and cereals  Nuts and all protein-containing foods

21. Niacin (Vitamin B 3 )  Niacin can be made in the body from Tryptophan (amino acid)  60 Tryptophan = 1 Niacin

22. Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid)   plenty of important B5 vitamin roles within the body:   converting nutrients from food into energy,energy   balancing blood sugar,   reducing bad cholesterol, cholesterol   lowering high blood pressure,   preventing nerve damage and pain,   preventing heart failure.

26. Pyridoxine Vitamin B 6  Necessary for fatty acid and amino acid metabolism  Necessary for the formation of red blood cells  Necessary for the reaction which converts Tryptophan to Niacin

27. Vitamin B 6  Deficiency  Symptoms  Scaly dermatitis  Anemia  Depression, confusion,  Convulsions

28. Vitamin B 6  Vitamin B 6 Toxicity  Toxicity Symptoms  Depression, fatigue, irritability, and headaches  Nerve damage causing numbness and muscle weakness leading to inability to walk  Convulsions  Skin lesions

29. Vitamin B 6  Vitamin B 6 Food Sources  Meats, fish, poultry and liver  Legumes and soy products  Non-citrus fruits  Fortified cereals

31. Vitamin B 7 Biotin

32. Folate  Also known as Folic Acid  Folate and Neural Tube Defects Neural tube defects include  Spina Bifida and Anencephaly.  There are higher recommendations for pregnant women.

34. Folate  Folate and Heart Disease  High levels of homocysteine and low levels of folate increase risk of heart disease.  Folate breaks down homocysteine.  Folate may help to prevent cancer.

35. Folate  Folate Deficiency  Deficiency Symptoms  Macrocytic anemia,  Smooth, red tongue Folate Toxicity  Masks vitamin B 12 deficiency symptoms

36. Folate  Folate Food Sources  “Foliage”  Fortified grains  Leafy green vegetables  Legumes and seeds  Liver

37. Vitamin B 12 (Cobalamin) Vitamin B 12 is necessary for:  the synthesis of new cells,  maintenance of nerve cells,  helps break down some fatty acids and amino acids.

38. Vitamin B 12  Deficiency Disease: Pernicious Anemia  Symptoms  Anemia  Fatigue and depression  Degeneration of peripheral nerves progressing to paralysis

40.  Atrophic gastritis in older adults destroys stomach cells,  which diminishes intrinsic factor and hydrochloric acid production.  Vitamin B 12 binds with intrinsic factor in the small intestine for absorption  No known toxicities Vitamin B 12

41. Vitamin B 12 (Cobalamin)  Vitamin B 12 Food Sources  Only found in animal products  Meat, fish, poultry, and shellfish  Milk, cheese and eggs  Fortified cereals

42. Vitamin C  Also known as Ascorbic Acid  Functions  As an Antioxidant  Defends against free radicals  Protects tissues from oxidative stress  As a Cofactor in Collagen Formation  Collagen is used for bones and teeth, scar tissue, and artery walls.  Works with iron in collagen formation

43.  Vitamin C needs increase during body stress, i.e. infections,  burns,  extremely high or low temperatures,  certain medications,  smoking.  As a Cure for the Common Cold  Some relief of symptoms

44.  Vitamin C Deficiency  Deficiency disease is called scurvy  Deficiency Symptoms  Anemia – small cell type  Atherosclerotic plaques and pinpoint hemorrhages  Bone fragility and joint pain  Poor wound healing and frequent infections  Bleeding gums and loosened teeth  Muscle degeneration and pain, hysteria, and depression  Rough skin and blotchy bruises

46.  Vitamin C Toxicity  Toxicity Symptoms  Nausea, abdominal cramps,  diarrhea, headache,  fatigue and insomnia  Hot flashes and rashes  Interference with medical tests, creating a false positive or a false negative

47.  Vitamin C Food Sources  Citrus fruits, cantaloupe, strawberries, papayas and mangoes  Cabbage-type vegetables, dark green vegetables like green peppers and broccoli, lettuce, tomatoes and potatoes

48. Список использованных источников 1. http://ru.spiderpic.com/search/vitamins-health http://ru.spiderpic.com/search/vitamins-health 2. http://thenewpillbox.com/over-the-counter/vitamins-1/ http://thenewpillbox.com/over-the-counter/vitamins-1/ 3. http://www.shutterstock.com/ru/s/food+supplement/search- vectors.html http://www.shutterstock.com/ru/s/food+supplement/search- vectors.html http://www.shutterstock.com/ru/s/food+supplement/search- vectors.html 4. http://posterok.com/catalog/berries+fruits+vitamins/0/ http://posterok.com/catalog/berries+fruits+vitamins/0/ 5. http://draxe.com/vitamin-b5/ http://draxe.com/vitamin-b5/ 6. http://freefitnesstips.co.uk http://freefitnesstips.co.uk 7. http://www.easy-immune-health.com/vitamin-b-12-deficiency- symptoms.html http://www.easy-immune-health.com/vitamin-b-12-deficiency- symptoms.html http://www.easy-immune-health.com/vitamin-b-12-deficiency- symptoms.html 8. http://shantalspick.net/2015/08/17/vitamin-c/ http://shantalspick.net/2015/08/17/vitamin-c/

49. Thanks for your attention!