1. Slide 2-1Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. PPF H PPF F R S R D Relative price The pattern of trade The gains from trade equilibrium The Ricardian Model PPF H Relative price

2. Slide 2-2Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.  Absolute Advantage A country has an absolute advantage in a production of a good if it has a lower unit labor requirement than the foreign country in this good. Assume that a LC < a * LC and a LW < a * LW –This assumption implies that Home has an absolute advantage in the production of both goods. Another way to see this is to notice that Home is more productive in the production of both goods than Foreign. –Even if Home has an absolute advantage in both goods, beneficial trade is possible.  The pattern of trade will be determined by the concept of comparative advantage. Trade in a One-Factor World  舉例 舉例

3. Slide 2-3Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.  A Numerical Example The following table describes the technology of the two countries: Table 2-2: Unit Labor Requirements Trade in a One-Factor World a LC = 1 < a * LC = 6 and a LW =2 < a * LW = 3. 回 Absolute Advantage 回 Absolute Advantage 回證明式

4. Slide 2-4Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.  Comparative Advantage Assume that a LC /a LW < a * LC /a * LW (2-2) –This assumption implies that the opportunity cost of cheese in terms of wine is lower in Home than it is in Foreign. –In other words, in the absence of trade, the relative price of cheese at Home is lower than the relative price of cheese at Foreign.  Home has a comparative advantage in cheese and will export it to Foreign in exchange for wine. Trade in a One-Factor World  舉例 舉例

5. Slide 2-5Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.  The previous numerical example implies that: a LC / a LW = 1/2 < a * LC / a * LW = 2. 返回 返回 Trade in a One-Factor World

6. Slide 2-6Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. F*F* P*P* L * /a * LW L * /a * LC Foreign wine production, Q * W, in gallons Foreign cheese production, Q * C, in pounds +1 Figure 2-2: Foreign’s Production Possibility Frontier Trade in a One-Factor World -?

7. Slide 2-7Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. : then Foreign will specialize in the production of wine. : then Foreign will specialize in the production of cheese. Trade in a One-Factor World P C * P W * a LC * a LW * > If P C * P W * a LC * a LW * < If P C * P W * a LC * a LW * = : then both goods be produced.

8. Slide 2-8Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. PPF H PPF F R S R D Relative price The pattern of trade The gains from trade equilibrium The Ricardian Model PPF F Relative price