1. NREL Plans & Strategies for Green Data Centers May 14, 2008 Chuck Powers Manager, ITI&O National Renewable Energy Laboratory

3. 3 Efficient Energy Use Vehicle Technologies Building Technologies Industrial Technologies Energy Delivery and Storage Electricity Transmission and Distribution Alternative Fuels Hydrogen Delivery and Storage Renewable Resources Wind Solar Biomass Geothermal Renewable Hydrogen Foundational Science and Strategic Analysis NREL Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Technology Development Programs

4. Influences to Plans and Strategies for Green Data Center Access to renewable energy –750kW PV array –Renewable Fuels Heating Plant –Renewable Energy Credits World-class researchers in NREL’s Center for Buildings and Thermal Systems NREL experience building LEED Platinum facilities Industry best practices for green data center management

5. Data Center Energy Efficiency Operational Procedures Management Practices Suppliers Energy-Efficient Products Sourcing Practices Environmental Track Record Workplace Desktop Footprint Remote Access Printers Recycling & Disposal Policies Corporate Culture Green IT

6. Current Data Center 30 years old 2,500 sq. ft. Supports corporate data center functions and HPC Challenged to support growing demands for space, power and cooling Inefficient power and cooling systems No backup generator power Performing energy audit to identify prudent investments to extend longevity

7. Research Support Facility (RSF) LEED Platinum certified 210,100 sq. ft. office space Supports: –800 administrative staff –2,500 sq. ft. data center Expected completion: June 2010 Corporate data center functions to support > 2,000 staff Entire building will be powered by renewable energy

8. Energy Systems Integration Facility (ESIF) Minimum LEED Gold certified 130,000 sq. ft. Supports: –150 research staff –15,000 sq. ft. High Performance Computing data center Expected completion: December 2011

9. Why is Data Center Energy Efficiency Important? Many data centers are facing a power and cooling crisis 2-3% of all power produced in the U.S. is used in data centers Data center power demands are expected to increase Energy costs for equipment are expected to exceed initial equipment costs over lifecycle Energy costs are rising

10. Life on the 2 nd Chance Six weeks a year cruising the Sea of Cortez Spiritual experience— connects us with nature Breath-taking sunrises and sunsets Full of adventure Requires preparation, planning and conservation of resources

11. Capacity Management on the 2 nd Chance Best practices –Preventive maintenance Boat Engine Electronics –Measurement Monitor real-time fuel flow Monitor utilization of fuel, battery power and water Keep logs –Everything on-board has multiple uses –Leverage available resources Innovation –Use creativity to solve problems and conserve resources

12. The Green Data Center

13. Data Center Power Usage Power use % of total data center electricity use Chiller/ Cooling Information Technology Switch/ gen UPS PDU Air- Conditioning Humidifier Optimize IT Infrastructure Energy Efficiency Optimize Data Center Infrastructure Energy Efficiency Active Energy Management Lighting Cooling systems Electrical and building systems The data center energy challenge affects both physical data center and IT infrastructure 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 Source: Gartner

14. Equipment Strategies Move from “always on” to “always available” model Use energy-efficient equipment Consolidate & virtualize Right-size Design for scalability Proactive capacity management

15. Servers Server consolidation/ virtualization ratio: 6-8 to 1 VMware and Solaris containers used for virtualization Energy efficiency considerations: –Nominal increase in energy consumption for a higher server utilization –Highly efficient server power supplies are critical Moving towards high-density blade servers Server utilization goal: > 60% Our challenge: managing server sprawl

16. Storage Right-sized through use of thin provisioned storage Storage architecture matches performance and redundancy with requirements –Bulk data –Mid-Range –High-performance Designed to scale quickly and easily “Pooled” storage increases better resource utilization Backup only what is required –Reduces backup hardware –Reduces number of tapes –Reduces energy consumption and waste disposal Storage utilization goal: 75%

17. Network Network must be “always on” Right-size –100Mbps to desktop –Reevaluate VoIP phone selection –Carefully manage # of ports Consider ways to leverage network to improve environmental impact Use virtual connections for blade servers

18. Data Center Power Systems Strategies Use renewable energy sources Right-size Design for scalability Use energy-efficient equipment Proactively manage

19. Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) Designed to provide redundancy Few minutes of uptime > 92% energy efficient Operate in efficiency “Sweet Spot”

20. Backup Power Bio-diesel generator to provide backup power for building Hydrogen fuel cell to provide backup power for data center –30KVA –Works in conjunction with UPS –Low maintenance –Reliable: no moving parts –Quiet –Low environmental impact

21. Proactive Power Management Must track energy use of data center power systems Data Center Efficiency metrics will be used to measure and track the energy efficiency of power and cooling systems Data center energy costs must be considered in calculations

22. Cooling System Strategies Use Hybrid cooling system Contain and recycle heat resource for building use Use super energy-efficient equipment Right-size & design for scalability Run data center five degrees warmer Run chilled water warmer Manage proactively

23. Hybrid Cooling System Free cooling making use of a water- side, air or propylene glycol economizer In-row cooling for high density racks Contained pressurized floor cooling for low density racks Raised floor design for maximum flexibility

24. Recycling Heat Layout data center to use well-defined hot and cold aisles Contain heat produced by equipment Explore use of data center waste heat for other building purposes

25. Proactive Cooling Management Must track energy use of data center cooling systems Instrumentation Regular reporting Cooling trend analysis Smart cooling

26. Data Center Efficiency (DCE) Cooling + Power + Equipment Equipment DCE = TypicalTarget

27. Expected Reduction in Data Center Power 1.4 DCE 30% reduction in power for equipment 70.4% overall reduction in data center power

28. The Green Workplace Source: Corné de GraafCorné de Graaf

29. RSF Desktop Environment Manage workstation lifecycle for environmental impact Use energy-efficient LCD monitors Use laptops with docking stations for road warriors & day extenders Evaluating the use of thin-client technology at the desktop –Use VMware’s VDI –Desktops VM will run on data center servers –~60 desktop VM’s /server Workstation Type PowerReduction Standard PC400w0% Energy Star PC300w25% Laptop60w85% Thin Client<30w92%

30. Dynamic Workload Management Server resources go from “always on” to “always available” As resources are needed, they are brought online As resources are no longer required, they are powered down or put in standby Saves energy

31. Printer Management Multifunction energy-star 4.0 compliant devices Reduce number of network printers by 75% Strong justification will be required for personal printers Do not use banner pages Default to duplex printing Business processes are becoming increasing paperless Use recycled materials

32. Role of Our Suppliers

33. Partnerships with Our Suppliers Design and implementation of state-of-the-art cooling and power systems Application migration to virtual environments Tools and techniques to manage dynamic workloads Tools to track and monitor data center power, cooling, server and storage resources Development of products that can be powered off or put in standby mode Challenge to our suppliers: –More software to run in a virtualized environment –Hardware to be made more energy efficient –Hardware to be able to endure higher heat loads

34. Best Practices for Green Data Centers Use energy-efficient equipment Upgrade legacy equipment Consolidate & virtualize servers Right-size IT infrastructure Good relationship between IT and Facilities

35. Best Practices for Green Data Centers (cont.) Track & manage data center energy consumption Perform long-term capacity planning for power Make energy consumption a part of TCO analysis Implement targeted/adaptive cooling solutions Improve airflow management

36. 36 The U.S. Department of Energy’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory http://www.nrel.gov The U.S. Department of Energy’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory http://www.nrel.gov Golden, Colorado