1. Italy & Germany 1920s & 30s

2. Benito Mussolini Fascist leader in Italy, 1920s-1945

3. Fascism A socialist state where government would control industry, education, social welfare programs & transportation. Include: - deification of the state (supernationalism) - indoctrination; - denial of basic freedoms; - economic independence through military power & imperialism.

4. 95Mussolini Mussolini promised that the trains would run on time.

5. 91Mussolini Mussolini’s army moving into Ethiopia, 1935

6. 94MussoliniVideo

7. 105Ethiopia Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie

8. Adolf Hitler son of a customs official in Austria served in the military in WW I studied architectural design worked for the German government as an investigator. investigated & then joined the Nazi Party.

9. Adolf Hitler proclaiming his Nazi philosophy.

10. Nazis National Socialist German Workers’ Party Advocated a racist dictatorship with characteristics similar to Fascism. Their ideas were promoted through propaganda speeches and militaristic rituals.

11. Mien Kampf (1923) It also argues that the “Aryans” (especially Germans) are a superior race and in spirit of Social Darwinism (“surivival of the fittest”) Aryans are destined to rule or dominate the world. Hitler’s autobiography “My struggle” It contains his racist & political philosophy which is similar to fascism.

12. 132SS/SA Nazi SA “storm troops”

13. 134Reichstag Fire Reichstag Fire blamed on Communists

14. 135HitlerChancellor Nazi’s won a majority in the Reichstag after the fire

15. 136Nazi Swastika: Nazi symbol of German unity

16. 145Hitler Adolf Hitler

17. 122 EvaMistress Eva Braun, Hitler’s mistress

18. 189Hitler Hitler & Nazi propaganda

19. 141J.Goebbels Joseph Goebbels, Hitler’s master propagandist

20. 146Hitler/youth Adolf Hitler “inspiring” German youth

21. 151NaziYouth Nazi youth propaganda

22. Jesse Owens performed better than the Germans in the 1936 olympics.

23. 147GermanWomen German women encouraged to breed healthy children

24. 190Rome-Berlin Rome-Berlin Axis: Mussolini & Hitler, 1936

25. Spanish Civil War When Francisco Franco tried to overthrow the Republican government in Spain (1938), Germany & Italy provided military assistance. Western European democracies stayed out of the conflict. This event demonstrated that Germany & Italy were well prepared for WW II.

26. Generalissimo Francisco Franco overthrew the Spanish Republic in 1936 with the help of Italy & Germany. The democracies did little to defend the Republic.

27. Appeasement (pacification) Soon after the Spanish Civil War, Hitler began taking over other territories including Austria and Czechoslovakia. When Europen leaders met at Munich (1938), Hitler gave false promises that he had no other territorial expansion plans. British PM Neville Chamberlain was praised (but later criticized) for “appeasing Hitler at Munich.

28. 185Austria German occupation of Austria

29. Hitler taking over Austria

30. 198Sudetenland Hitler taking the Sudetenland (Czechoslovakia)

31. 197Chamberlain/Munich Chamerberlain at Munich, “Peace in our times”

32. “Spineless Leaders of Democracy” appeasing Hitler

33. Nazi Concentration Camps From about 1939 - 1945 Hitler maintained concentration camps to exterminate Jews, Communists & anyone else that he regarded as an “archcriminal” of the German empire. These camps used gas chambers and other methods to torture & kill people.

34. 150vs.Jews Anti Jewish propaganda

35. Arresting Jews in Germany

36. 174Jews to Israel Jewish people trying to escape to Palestine (Israel)

37. 203Map