2. Ohio Learning Standard #15 The consequences of World War I and the worldwide depression set the stage for the Russian Revolution and the rise of Totalitarianism

3. Economic Problems following WWI

4. Political Problems following WWI

5. Social Problems following WWI

6. Authoritarianism Returns Form of Gov characterized by citizens’ absolute obedience to N Gov authority Arises in nation when facing severe Cr_______ (Economic Recession or Political Upheaval) Advancing T___________ becomes the format for rationalizing Economic Development (Modernizing)

7. Totalitarianism = Dictatorship

8. Extremism N___________ takes hold = country’s interest over individual – to point of accepting extreme measures Institutional Pat_________ – mass popular support (military, Religion, business, bureaucracy)

9. Propaganda Appealing to Loyalists & “Pa__________” Accept Id___________ of individuals displaying leadership potential – even Extremists (Stalin)

10. Regime Establishment Ideological orthodoxy based on political party, social institution, mass media, & Economic Mob__________ Cen_________ (national) power of Gov & Econ - little tolerance for regional exception or opposition groups

11. Notable Examples Soviet Russia under Stalin Fascist Italy under Mussolini Spain under Francisco Franco Nazi Germany under Hitler Empirical Japan under Hirohito China under Mao Zae Dong Cuba under Fidel Castro North Korea under Kim Il Sung Libya under Gaddafi Zimbabwe under Mugabe Iraq under Saddam Hussein Syria under Bashar al-Assad

13. Fascism Invoking Power in the Nation! Borrow from Soc_____ - but applied to conflicts between nations & races rather than class conflict (like in Communism)

16. Use of Symbolism Fasces Fasces = R_________ symbol of civic authority Strength through Un_____ - a single rod is easily broken, while bundle is difficult to break Fixation on internal cleansing, external expansion, rebuilding past national power & culture

17. Gentile’s Fascist Doctrine Fascist state is a will to power & empire. The Roman tradition is a powerful force…Empire is not only territorial or military or mercantile concept, but is spiritual & moral Fascism is the only liberty which can be serious! Therefore, for the fascist, everything is in the state … no human or spiritual thing exists, or has any sort of value, outside the state

18. Nationalist Economy Advocates mixed economy (Capitalism + Socialism) in order to secure national self-sufficiency & independence Nationalistic goals to create regulated economy which transforms society into efficient & modern Built around political organizations called guilds (unions)

23. Social Cleansing Military-style mobilizing (B____ S_____), strict justice, promoting masculinity, youth, & charismatic leadership Belief that success of Italian nation requires respect for heritage (Roman) & commitment to M______________

24. Lateran Treaty Gave Pope control over V________ City – Mussolini paid 750mil Lira as compensation – Pope gave up claims to all other lands in Italy Church gave Mussolini formal recognition C_________ becomes the official Religion – obscene publications & public swearing is banned Clergy could not belong to a political party