1. Exploration to Settlement

2. Do Now: Working with the person next to you answer the following in your notebooks: –Why Would Europeans decide to explore the American continents? List at least 3 reasons.

3. For Gold!, God!, and Glory!  Gold! Wealth  High demand: spices and luxury goods  New trade routes = New sources of wealth Muslim and Asian cultures sell spices to Italians for lots of money Italians sell items to Europe for more money Europeans buy items at a higher price

4. For God The Reformation, Counter-Reformation and Crusades pushed people to spread their religion

5. Glory!!!  Renaissance Spirit!  Being the first  First to:  Find a spice or resource?  Find a new landmass?  Find a new trade route and trading port?  Control a country?  Expand their country’s empire?

6. Europe in the Age of Discovery Religion –Crusades –Reformation Politically –Emerging nation-states Economic –Trade –Monarch want new sources of revenue –Fame & Fortune Cultural –Renaissance spirit

7.  Mapping  Ship Design  Compass  Astrolabe  Printing Press Technological Innovations

9. Spanish Domination

10. Spanish Exploration Three G’s –God –Gold –Glory Spanish Explorers –Columbus –Vasco Balboa –Magellan Conquistadores –Cortes –Pizzaro –Ponce de Leon –Coronado Spanish Model –Encomienda –Congregciones Pope’s Rebellion –Mestizo

11. The First Spanish Conquests: The Aztecs Fernando Cortes Montezuma II

12. Circumnavigation early 16 th century

13. What artifact do you have? How is it related to American History?

15. EXCHANGE OF GOODS

16. Mercantilism The economy & trade are essential to national safety 1.Get as much gold and silver as possible. 2.Establish a favorable balance of trade. 3.Get colonies.

17. Treasures from the Americas

18. Expansion of European Colonization

19. English Colonization Jamestown: 1607 Chesapeake Bay, VA Royal Charter Plymouth: 1620 Massachusetts Incorrect location- Effectively squatters Massachusetts Bay: 1629 Massachusetts Royal Charter

20. English Build Settlements

21. The Charter of the Virginia Company:  Guaranteed to colonists the same rights as Englishmen as if they had stayed in England.  This provision was incorporated into future colonists’ documents.  Colonists felt that, even in the Americas, they had the rights of Englishmen! English Colonization

22. Jamestown High mortality Limited resources “Gentlemen” Gold seekers Single men Poor relationship with the Native Americans Economic Opportunities Plymouth & Massachusetts Bay Lower Mortality rates Better equipped Extended Families Varying relationship with the Native Americans Economic Opportunities & Religious Freedom

24. Wrap Up: Fill in the important dates on the timeline with the person sitting next to you 1492:____________________________ 1493:____________________________ 1517:____________________________ 1519:____________________________ 1521:____________________________ 1607:____________________________ 1619:____________________________ 1620:____________________________ 1629:____________________________ 24 2

25. Headright System:  Each Virginian got 50 acres for each person whose passage they paid. Indenture Contract:  5-7 years.  Promised “freedom dues” [land, £ ]  Forbidden to marry.  1610-1614: only 1 in 10 outlived their indentured contracts! Indentured Servitude

26. Population Comparison

27. Virginia Population New England Population

28. Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

30. First Africans arrive in Jamestown in 1619 Early 1600s  differences between slave and servant were unclear. By the mid-1680s, black slaves outnumbered white indentured servants  white colonists reacted to put down perceived racial threat.  Slavery transformed from economic to economic and racial institution.  Beginning in 1662  “Slave Codes”  Made blacks [and their children] property, or chattel for life of white masters. Colonial Slavery

31. House of Burgesses established in 1619  A council appointed by the royal governor  Began to assume the role of the House of Commons in England  Control over finances, militia, etc.  By the end of the 17 c, H of B was able to initiate legislation.  Mainly leading planters.  Functions like House of Lords.  High death rates ensured rapid turnover of members. Growing Political Power

32. Legacy of European Exploration in the Americas Greed, arrogance, violence and destruction Native American Population down 90% in a century Columbian Exchange Launched a global slave trade “Discovery” a major achievement Latin American culture Birth of United States Deepened colonial rivalries Inflationary economic climate due to influx of gold & silver into Europe