1. Cultures Meet

2.   Pp 98: People to Know  List the People you see on pp 98 and write one piece of information about them People Watch

3.   The Log of Christopher Columbus… Let’s Read….

4.  More Christopher Columbus

5.   Marco Polo: traveler/explorer: Asia: stories to tell  Printing press: Gutenberg  Renaissance: “rebirth of learning”  Stories of China: gunpowder, compass…spark an interest  New “shopping place”: silk, spices…but a long way to go…How to get there…let’s find out  New technology: scientific knowledge and tools Exploration and Technology

6.   Prince Henry the Navigator: Portugal: interest in exploration, sailing…financed a school of navigation  At the school: study new methods, new tools, new advancements  Caravel: new ship, triangular sails, narrow, faster  Study information: better maps  New tools: compass and astrolabe  Compass: find distance east or west of Prime Meridian  Astrolabe: reading stars, read latitude  Portuguese explorers: Diaz: Cape of Good Hope, da Gama: a route to India The World Awaits

7.   Impact of Marco Polo and trade…opened up more of the world  Silk Road: land route between China and Italy  Asia: known as the “Indies”  To Asia…around Africa….more trading centers: Gao, Timbuktu, Jenne  Building an empire: “King of the Mountain”…areas of land controlled by one nation, resources, trade, power  No knowledge of a “New World”  Travels of the Vikings: Scandanavian countries: Norway, Sweden, Denmark: Leif Erickson: Greenland…Newfoundland…Canada  Fighting with Native Americans…chose to leave  Viking stories not told New View of the World

8.  Take a look…

9.   How about west? Christopher Columbus…Ocean Sea/Atlantic Ocean..more direct route  Entrepreneurs: business people: enterprise: business…need for money…an investor  Benefit of effort more than the cost  Help….no takers…too many uncertainties…  Portugal: No  Spain: King Ferdinand/Queen Isabella/Catholic rulers  Reconquista: movement to drive Muslims from Spain…give up their religion or leave  Columbus: take Catholic beliefs to Asia  Agreed to help/finance the exploration The Business of Exploring

10.   1492: Columbus begins…Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria…difficulties…follow the birds…  October 12, 1492: LAND..thought they had landed in Asia/Indies…a New World  Landed on island: named San Salvador..claimed land for Spain  People: called Indians/Taino…welcomed Columbus…little did they know…  Did not find the spices or silk they were looking for..a disappointment…little did Spain know…  A second expedition: find more riches, start settlements, convert Indians to Catholic religion Two Worlds Meet

11.   The impact of Columbus’s discovery: A Whole New World  England want to discover: King Henry VII: John Cabot: sailed farther north: claimed land for England: Newfoundland and Labrador..where the Vikings had been  Not the Indies/Asia: Amerigo Vespucci…Italian…sailed down coast of SA…world much larger…this is not Asia… A Changing World

12.   German mapmaker: Martin Waldseemuller: a new land…made a map…called new land: America after Vespucci…North and South America  Balboa: Spanish explorer: first in Hispaniola, not successful…crossed Isthmus of Panama…large body of water: Pacific Ocean  Isthumus: narrow strip of land that connects two large land masses ( Panama and Columbia)  Magellan: sailed for Spain : sailed around SA, to Pacific Ocean, Philippines ( Megellan killed), back to Spain: first to travel around the world. The Naming of America/Reaching the Pacific

13.   Spain and Portugal in conflict over land claims in New World  1493: Pope drew a line dividing new world claims: Line of Demarcation: east/Portugal west/Spain  Portugal not happy  Two countries “move” the line: Treaty of Tordesillas, Portugal gets land that would become Brazil A Treaty Needed

14.   Spain wants exploration: offered grants: $$$  Spanish conquerors/soldiers: conquistadors  Ponce de Leon: heard a story, island of Bimini, a “fountain of youth”…landed in Florida: “flowery”, claimed land for Spain  St. Augustine: oldest city in US  Ponce de Leon: first Spanish explorer to set foot on land in US Spanish Explorations

15.   Hernando Cortes: find Aztec empire, gold and riches, Mexico  Capital city: Tenochititlan  Aztecs believed light-skin god would reappear…was it Cortes: NO  Moctezuma: at first welcomed Cortes…Cortes takes Moctezuma prisoner..  Cortes defeats Aztecs: help from other Indian tribes, guns and horses Early Conquistadors

16.   Another story: a city of gold: Cibola  Spanish explorer: De Niza and slave: Estayvanico  No city of gold The Seven Cities of Gold

17.   Coronado: there has to be a city of gold, continues to explore in southwest US…No city..but claimed more land for Spain  Land claimed by Spain in the New World became known as New Spain: Mexico, Florida, southwestern US Coronado in Southwest

18.   Pizarro: Spanish conquistador: conquered the Incas in South America  Leader of Incas: Atahuallpa  Incas told must convert to Christianity and accept Spanish Rule: NO…Spanish attack Incas  Atahuallpa taken prisoner..no leader..fall of Incas  Cuzco: capital of Inca Empire falls to Pizarro  Hernando de Soto: Spanish conquistador: discovered Mississippi River: “beautiful river” Expeditions Continue

19.   Teachings of Catholic Church are questioned: Church too much power  Martin Luther: German priest called for changes in the Church…beginning of Protestant Reformation…those who broke away from the Church became Protestants  Catholic Church began to make changes, wanted to keep its power: Counter Reformation  Spreading of Catholic faith to New World: new followers, share the wealth: missionaries sent to New World, convert Native Americans to Catholic beliefs Missionaries to America

20.   Need for a “shortcut”…MUST BE ONE..search for Northwest Passage…a route through or around North America  First country to find would be rich, powerful, and “King of the Mountain.”  De Verrazano: French: landed along coast of North Carolina, continue to explore NORTH to Newfoundland..NO PASSAGE but learned more about this new land  Jacques Cartier: looking for Northwest Passage…explored around St. Lawrence River, claimed land for France  Saw: “fish like a horse”, a walrus, stopped due to rapids, land from Montreal to Quebec…more knowledge Other Nations Explore

21.   Money to be made from exploration…becoming a business: Trade means $$$$$  Henry Hudson: English: still looking for Northwest Passage, 4 voyages, sailed along Greenland, Arctic Ocean  3 rd voyage sponsored by Dutch East India Company: Netherlands…along New York…a river: named Hudson River..claimed land for Dutch…another country in new world  4 th. Voyage: Hudson Bay: claimed for England…”Hudson sent packing by his crew” Hudson’s Voyages