1. Sagraves World History 2013-14

2. Agenda 12/8/14: Who would make the better ally, Athens or Sparta? Activities Objectives 1. Finish Athens/Sparta Graphic Organizer 2. The Persian Wars/The Delian League and Peloponnesian League PPT Homework: Review Athens/Sparta Notes, Worksheets and class notes from today By the end of this lesson, you should be able to: 1. Describe the similarities and differences between the city-states (poli) of ancient Sparta and Athens 2. Describe the main battles of the Persian Wars and how they resulted in the formation of Delian and Peloponnesian Leagues

3. Persian Wars (492-449/8 B.C.) Participants: Greek city-states (poli) vs. Persia Athens and Sparta cooperate against Persians. Persia was a large empire and thought they could easily conquer the Greeks. But Persian underestimated the Greeks! Greeks very good warriors (phalanx) Athens had developed strong navy

4. How did it start? Persian citizens on the Ionian Peninsula revolted against the empire. They were frustrated with the rule of Persian Emperor Darius as they were forced to pay heavy taxes to him.

6. How did it start? Ionians ask Athenians with help with revolt and Athens agrees. Three year war follows. Persians defeat Ionians and create even harsher laws. REVENGE Persians now want to seek REVENGE against Athenians.

7. Battle 1: Battle of Marathon 490 B.C. Persian Emperor Darius sent his army to city of Marathon on coast of Greece to punish Athenians for role in Ionian Revolt. Greeks outnumbered but have advanced military technology and strategies (the hoplite phalanx!!) Athenians win! For a while, Persians stay away (conflicts at home)….

8. Phalanx

9. Battle 2: Battle of Thermopylae 480-479 B.C. New Persian Emperor Xerxes personally commands army. Persians face allied Greek forces under leadership of Spartan leader Leonidas. Greeks met Persians at narrow pass called Themopylae in northern Greece.

10. Battle 2: Battle of Thermopylae Greeks winning, but betrayed and surrounded. Leonidas sent away most of army, and only 300 left to face the Persians. Spartans fight until last man remained to delay Persians from invading rest of Greece. Legendary battle of courage and self-sacrifice for the polis.

11. History Channel video

12. Battle 3: Battle of Salimas Persians start to advance on Athens. Athenians evacuate mainland Greece. Naval battle: Athenians use fleet of triremes at island of Salimas and defeat much larger Persian navy. Triremes faster and better able to move through water. Greeks win Persian Wars!

13. Trireme

15. Delian League Athenians are worried that Persia might return, to form a defensive alliance (agreement to support one another in conflicts) with other city-states called the Delian League. Name comes from island of Delos where alliance first met and kept its money (treasury). This soon moved to Athens which was the CORE of the league. 150-175 city-states joined

16. Delian League

17. Delian League becomes Empire Members have to contribute armed forces or pay tax to treasury. Athens conquers and forces many city-states to join the league and pay tax. Many colonies begin to rebel against taxes and control by Athens. Athens also criticized because spends League money on things other than defense.

18. Peloponnesian League Core = Sparta Formed as a defensive alliance against Persia, but then as an alternative alliance to the Delian League. Sparta also used force to gain many of its allies. Formed council of allies in which each state had vote. No taxes paid except in times of war. Provided protection. Supported oligarchies and opposed tyrannies and democracies.

20. Peloponnesian War Delian League and Peloponnesian League come into conflict = Peloponnesian War Which alliance or empire should you – leaders of the city-state of Hermione -- join?????

21. 12/9/14: The Delian or Peloponnesian League? Activities Objectives 1. Review 2. Work on addresses for council meeting tomorrow. Homework: Finish address for council meeting By the end of this lesson, you should be able to: 1. Describe the differences between the Athenian and Peloponnesian Leagues 2. Decide which would have made a better ally.

23. Persian Empire Core: Persepolis, capital of Persia (modern day Iran). Under emperor Darius I, the Persian Empire became largest empire world had ever seen.

25. Diversity

26. Running the Empire Relationship of Core to Periphery King Darius collected taxes from conquered people. Became very rich However, he allowed people to keep their religion and way of life as long as they paid taxes. Persians practiced Zoroastrianism: monotheistic religion in which fire was holy and priests (Magi) ept sacred fire burning.

27. Running the Empire Relationship of Core and Periphery Darius divided Empire into regions (satrapies), each one ruled by a local ruler called a satrap (Direct or indirect rule? ______________ rule)

28. Royal Road Darius built good road across Empire so messengers could travel between the core and periphery easily. Royal Road: Stretched 1680 miles from Sardis (west) to Susa (east)

29. Capital = Persepolis Darius builds magnificent palace During New Year Festival, officials from every part of the Empire (colonies) come to palace with gifts for the king.

30. http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/114/video

31. Military: The Immortals Elite Force - Both imperial guard and standing army

32. End of the Persian Empire Persian Wars wore down empire and during reign of Xerxes I Empire grew weaker. 331 B.C. Persia conquered by Alexander the Great and Persepolis is burned.