1. Organic Compounds (Chapter 14) Pencil LeadDiamond

2. Student Learning Objectives Identify substances which contain organic compounds Sketch and describe isomer structures

3. What is organic chemistry?  Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds.  Carbon has a unique ability to bond with itself in complex covalent bonds.  A single molecular formula may have several structures. 90% of compounds contain Carbon

4. Some Structures for C 5 H 10

5. Practice How many structures can you draw for C 7 H 16 ?

6. Retinol (most common form of vitamin A)

7. In what substances are hydrocarbons found?  All hydrocarbons contain hydrogen and carbon. 1.Aromatic hydrocarbons contain the Benzene Ring (C 6 H 6 ) Benzene Symbol

8. Benzene Hydrocarbons  Aromatics (benzene substances) have a strong aroma.  Benzene is a carcinogen. Gasoline Adhesives Perfumes Paint Stripper Tobacco Household Cleaners

9. Question What is a carcinogen? What does the word “carcinogen” mean?

10. Aliphatic Hydrocarbons 2.Aliphatic hydrocarbons contain no Benzene Ring PropaneEthaneMethane

11. Alkane Aliphatic Hydorcarbons  Alcane hydrocarbons have only single bonds.  All Alcanes follow the same formula. Cyclo-Pentane C n H 2n+2

12. Practice 1.What kinds of substances contain alkane hydrocarbons? a. Perfumes b. Fuels c. Food 2.What is the molecular formula for an alkane hydrocarbon that contains 16 carbons?

14. Structural Isomers  Alcane hydrocarbons may have structural isomers.  Same molecular formula  Different structure  Different physical and chemical properties n-hydrocarbons iso-hydrocarbons neo-hydrocarbons

16. Isomers of Pentane C 5 H 12

17. Which Fuel?  Octane ratings are based on the abundances of the different structural isomers of Pentane. neo-pentane highest octane rating iso-pentane n-pentane lowest octane rating

18. Structural Symbols

19. Questions 1)Which of the pentane structures do you expect to burn more slowly? Why? 2)In which fuel do you expect to have more neo-pentane molecules? a. Regular b. Super c. Supreme

20. Alkyl Hydrocarbons (Alcohols) 3.Alkyl hydrocarbons are Alkanes with 1 hydrogen (H) replaced by hydroxide (OH)

21. Alcohol Isomers

22.  Organic molecules have a base unit called a functional group. Benzyl Amine Alkene Ketone Carbonyl Alkyl http://sparkcharts.sparknotes.com/chemistry/organicchemistry1/section5.php

23. Why are plastics and proteins difficult to break down?  Polymers are very long molecules made up of repeating monomers. (chains of monomers) Naturally OccurringHuman Produced DNACarpet ProteinsPlastics Complex CarbohydratesChewing Gum

24. DNA

25. Practice Why do you think it is not a good idea to drink bottled water that has been in a hot car? many styrene polystyrene polymerization

26. What are carbohydrates?  Carbohydrates contain carbon and water. GlucoseC 6 (H 2 O) 6 Monosaccharide FructoseC 6 (H 2 O) 6 Monosaccharide SucroseC 12 (H 2 O) 11 Disaccharide Cellulose (Starch)(C 6 H 10 O 5 ) n Polysaccharides

28. Practice Which breakfast cereal is highest in Fructose, Glucose, and Sucrose? ____________________ Fructose: 15,431 mg Glucose: 14,300 mg Sucrose: 170 mg http://nutritiondata.self.com/foods-008011010009000000000-1w.html