1. Franz-Josef Decker 14-Dec-2011 CSR is a big deal limiting performance Tolerance studies beforehand helped a lot Tor’s List Software adaptability helped speed up commissioning Franz-Josef Decker 14-Dec-2011 CSR is a big deal limiting performance Tolerance studies beforehand helped a lot Tor’s List Software adaptability helped speed up commissioning

2. CSR (Coherent Synchrotron Radiation) FEL intensity [mJ] is suppressed at the shortest bunch lengths (highest peak current) we can run under- or over- compressed Emittance growth due to CSR in BC2 (is there a cure?) Under - compressed Over - compressed

3. Charge: 1nC  250 pC  150 pC Instead of raising charge (like SLC or PEP-II) LCLS runs “better” with lower charges, same FEL intensity with lower charge and shorter FEL pulses 1 nC was abandoned early on, emittance growth to Li28 250 pC had (has) double horizontal FEL spot and 150 pC is cleaner and more stable User are asking for even lower charges (80,) 40, 20 pC for shorter pulses lengths

4. Tolerance Budgets, e.g.: long. Jitter L1S: 0.05  need 0.03   E/E: 0.04% Need even better for certain experiments

5. Energy jitter bigger than spread Jitter: 4.0E-4 Intensity after monochromator Spread: 3.3E-4 varies 100%

6. Simulated FEL through Monochromator Energy spread: 0.02% Mono width: 0.006% hard edge Energy jitter: 0.04% Intensity jitter: 20% (blue)

7. New jitter compensation ideas Over-compressed: Stable area Over-compression cancels L1S jitter: more negative phase in L2 give lower E, but also longer bunch length (less WF) so more E: 0.045-0.050% to 0.030-0.035% Less taper (by Ops) reduces FEL intensity spikes under over compressed

8. From XPP thru Mono: No FEL intensity and very high spikes got eliminated Before D. Fritz No intensity FEL spikes Always some intensity Barely FEL spikes taper

9. Tor’s List He would love to hear about anything that impacts the design of BC1/BC2, the phase control, klystron com- plement, diagnostics, and beam operational modes. BC1: Energy change: 250  220 MeV for less L1S jitter (un-SLEDed or lower modulator voltage) BC2: Energy change: 4.5  4.7  5.0 GeV gives higher end energy (sometimes less chirp possible) Phase control: new PACs and PADs are good, but not all klystrons have this control. New PACs for each SBST would help some multi-bunch issues Klystron complement: no issues

10. Tor’s List cont. Diagnostics: BPMs good, Beam phase somewhat noisy (online), wire scanner o.k., but slow (except 10 sec version with bumps), (Li24 wires never installed), OTRs in BCs used in linac, BLMs (length) have filter issues (mirco-bunching) are calibrated with TCAV3, BLM after DL2 still missing Beam operational modes: Energy change (20 min), charge change (1 hr), peak current change(2 min), rate change, … all routine by now with GUIs CQs (dispersion Correction Quads) in BC1, BC2, DL2 also change the betatron match, absolute DL2 energy is also influenced; dispersive bumps might be better

11. Software adaptability helped speed up commissioning, e.g. E-Loss GUI 10-April-2009: First Lasing (YAGXRAY max_out) 15-April: 1.3 mJ “possible” energy loss due to FEL 17-April: DL2toDumpEnergyLoss function 18-April: DL2 Dump Loss Matlab PV 562 2-May: I_pk correction: 14 MeV/kA 24-May: E Loss GUI 8-Aug: Gas detector calibration

12. Other Linac Issues by Region Early Linac (Injector): MCORs jitter near zero, RF kick jitter at load end if multi-pacting or not (L0A), quads 3% weaker if near other magnets, source of micro- bunching(?), x-band: wakefield + dispersion + rf-kick, lattice good for diagnostic, but (maybe) not for beam (space charge at focus in OTR2?), good BC bend magnets necessary, L1S stability, … L2: wakefields in early L2 affect emittance, matching VERY critical for FEL performance, BC2 dispersion fix, … L3: matching in Li26 (?), emittance growth with shorter bunches (Li28), Li30 match into BSY, …

13. Summary Linac performs well for FEL operation Coherent effects limit higher FEL intensity (the beam wants to radiate before reaching the undulator) Jitter, especially in the longitudinal (30 times shorter), is a real challenge But soon energy jitter reaching levels of intrinsic SASE FEL Tor’s List: Leave it flexible, good and enough diagnostics, new PAC (Phase & Amplitude Control) per sector Software adaptability is good (inside AD), connections to photon side are a pain