2. Objective 5: Critical-Thinking Skills TAKS Success Camp 8 th Grade American History Coach Vega

3. Understanding Sources Primary Sources: First hand accounts Photographs, diaries, political cartoons, songs, posters, and artifacts Primary Sources: First hand accounts Photographs, diaries, political cartoons, songs, posters, and artifacts Secondary Sources: Second hand accounts books written about history, encyclopedias, documentaries, maps, charts, and textbooks Secondary Sources: Second hand accounts books written about history, encyclopedias, documentaries, maps, charts, and textbooks

4. Primary SourceSecondary Source

5. Identifying Point of View Benjamin Franklin created this cartoon. Benjamin Franklin created this cartoon. Which of the following represents his point of view? B. The colonies can strike like a snake if they unite together A. The colonies are strongest when separated

6. The blessings in which you, this day, rejoice are not enjoyed in common. The rich inheritance of justice, liberty, prosperity, and independence bequeathed [given] by your fathers is shared by you, not me. The sunlight that brought light and healing to you has brought stripes [beatings] and death to me. -Frederick Douglass, Independence Day speech, 1841 What is Frederick Douglass expressing in this quote?

7. Identifying Bias Bias refers to prejudices, stereotypes, or distortions of fact Bias refers to prejudices, stereotypes, or distortions of fact Bias can be used to portray an event or person in either positive or negative ways Bias can be used to portray an event or person in either positive or negative ways

8. King Andrew the First This cartoon shows Jackson as a king, stepping on the Constitution This cartoon shows Jackson as a king, stepping on the Constitution The truth is that he was not king, but president, and he never really stepped on top of the Constitution The truth is that he was not king, but president, and he never really stepped on top of the Constitution What is the opinion expressed in this cartoon? What is the opinion expressed in this cartoon? Jackson was a strong chief executive and was abusing his power

9. Drawing Conclusions Based on this cartoon, which of the six states represented do you think had NOT yet voted to ratify the Constitution? Based on this cartoon, which of the six states represented do you think had NOT yet voted to ratify the Constitution?

10. Civil War Poster Is this a poster for the Union or the Confederacy? Is this a poster for the Union or the Confederacy? Who is the target audience? Who is the target audience?

11. The Boston Massacre Does this drawing represent the Loyalist or Patriot point of view?

12. To what historical document is this image referring? The Monroe Doctrine

13. North vs. South Which items on this graph would have contributed to the Northern victory during the Civil War? Which items on this graph would have contributed to the Northern victory during the Civil War? LEGEND

14. Foreign Policy Both of these excerpts address U.S. Foreign Policy Washington says AMERICA, STAY AWAY FROM EUROPE Monroe says EUROPE STAY AWAY FROM THE AMERICAS Excerpt from Washington’s Farewell Address “The great rule of conduct for us in regard to foreign nations is … to have with them as little political connection as possible.” Excerpt from Monroe Doctrine “…that the American continents … are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers.”

15. What Constitutional Principle is depicted by this chart? Checks and Balances

16. Which historical event is portrayed in this painting? The Trail of Tears

17. Point of View We chose to join this country as a state and we can choose to leave it as a state. If the national government will not listen to our objections, we will have no other choice but to succeed from this union. Which political leader would have MOST agreed with these words? Henry Clay John C. Calhoun Ulysses S. Grant Daniel Webster John C. Calhoun

18. Which reform movement is represented in this drawing? The Women’s Rights Movement

19. How is Washington being portrayed?

20. True or False Improvements in transportation methods resulted in an increase in travel speed

21. In this excerpt, Henry Clay opposes the growth of… “I have heard something said about allegiance to the South. I know no South, no North, no East, no West, to which I owe any allegiance.” ~Henry Clay, 1848 Sectionalism

22. Which Amendment is depicted by this photograph? 15 th