1. 21.3-Challenges and Changes in the Movement

2. Northern Segregation  De facto segregation: segregation that exists by practice and custom  De jure segregation: segregation by law

3. Malcolm X (Malcolm Little)  Went to jail at age 20 for burglary  Joined the Nation of Islam  Preached Elijah Muhammad’s view that whites were the cause of the condition in which blacks found themselves  Blacks should be separate from white society  March 1964 Malcolm broke with Elijah Muhammad, was murdered as a result

4. Black Panthers  Communists?  Fight police brutality in the ghetto  Taking control of African-American communities  Full employment  Decent housing

5. 1968: A turning point in Civil Rights  Dr. King went to Memphis help sanitation workers on strike  April 4 th King was on the balcony of his hotel  Shot by James Earl Ray  125 cities exploded in riots and flames

6. Legacy of the Civil Rights Movement  The numbers of African Americans who finished high school and who went to college significantly increased  By 1970 and estimated 2/3 of eligible African Americans were registered to vote  Affirmative action  Making special efforts to hire or enroll groups that have suffered from discrimination in the past