1. Unit 8 Absolute Monarchs Section 2 – Russia

2. Russia Separated from Europe Culture and Geographically Had not experienced The Renaissance The Reformation The Scientific Revolution Still stuck in the Middle Ages

3. Religion Eastern Orthodox not Roman Catholic Services in Greek or Russian Czar claims authority over church Different Alphabet – Cyrillic

4. Ivan the Terrible Ivan IV came to power in 1533 Struggled for power over boyars Landowning nobility Tried to control him At 16, seized control and declared himself Czar (first one adopt title). The ‘Good Period’ 1547 – 1560 Good leader, code of laws, added lands (many miles per day)

5. Ivan the Terrible “Bad Period” – after 1560 1 st Wife Anastasia died Accused boyars of poisoning, turned against them Created his own secret police force To hunt traitors Dressed all in black Executed many boyars and peasants Forced nobles to be loyal to him or lose land

6. Ivan the Terrible 1581 – Killed oldest son & heir All because of an argument about…. Clothing After Ivan’s death, 1584, Period of unrest =‘Time of Troubles’ Neighboring countries invaded For 30 years, over 50 claim throne 1613 Representatives from Russian National Assembly met Chose new Czar, Michael Romanov Romanov’s rule Russia for next 300 years, till 1917

7. Romanov’s Powerful wealthy family Tried to build the power of the Czar Suppressed religious protests Absolute Rulers – restored order

8. Peter The Great Peter I = Peter the Great Russia’s greatest reformer Wants to make Russia great and more like Europe Knew Russia needed a warm water port. One port, Archangel, frozen much of the year

9. Peter the Great Reorganized Russia Improved Army Training & Weaponry Peter increased his powers To be able to ‘force’ change Recruited able men from lower classes Gave them lands, got their loyalty Service Nobility – Rank tied to Service

10. Peter the Great 1697 – Embarks on ‘Grand Embassy’ Long visit to Europe To learn about customs and industrial techniques First time Russian leader had traveled to west. Kept his identity a secret. Dressed as locals, worked and learned skills Visited Netherlands, England, Austria Cont’d to inspire Peter to make Russia more like Europe Militarily and commercially Brought back scientists and Artisans

11. Peter the Great 1700-1721 War with Sweden for warm water port Won area on Baltic Sea Creates city of St. Petersburg Moves capital from Moscow Orders Nobles to move there

12. Peter the Great - Westernization Russia had a lot to learn Military Hired European officers Trained soldiers Commercially Hired 700 engineers, shipbuilders, mathematicians to teach 1725 - Peter Dies Succeeded in making Russia an European power. Did not complete westernization Series of weak rulers until…..

13. Catherine the Great Married to Peter III, PTGs Grandson Ruled from 1762 -1796 Supported.. The Arts, Sciences, Literature and Theatre Continued Peter’s plan of Westernization

14. Catherine the Great Continued Expansion Successful war against the Turks Now two warm water ports

15. End Russia

16. Unit 8 Absolute Monarchs Section 3 – Austria & Prussia

17. Austria – Maria Theresa Her father, Emperor Charles VI, died leaving only her as the heir. Pragmatic Sanction – Allowed Maria Theresa to inherit her father’s lands. Had to deal with internal conflicts Religion Language Nationalities

18. Prussia – Frederick William I Works to unify Prussia Tried to avoid war at all costs cost too much money Required all parents to send all children to school. Concerned about Son, Frederick William II Not Interested in Military or Government Tried to force him to be, was very harsh Even sent him to prison Forced him to watch friend he escaped with be executed.

19. Prussia – Frederick William II 1740 – Frederick William II becomes king Becomes known as Frederick the Great Ends up becoming a stronger leader than his father.

20. Conflict between Austria and Prussia War of Austrian Succession 1740 – Frederick (Prussia) invaded Silesia Valuable territory, farmland and Iron deposits Figured Maria (Austria, new queen) would not defend Maria aligns with England, Netherlands & Russia Prussia aligns with Bavaria, Spain & France War for 8 years – Ends1748 Ended Prussia’s aggression Maria ended up losing Silesia Diplomatic Revolution – Reversal of alliances after the war was over.

21. End Austria & Prussia

22. Review 224 Points 1.Where was Frederick II (The Great) king? 2.Who was the first to adopt the title Czar in Russia? 3.What happened to kick off the start of the War of the Austrian Succession? 4.What was the reversal of alliances called that followed the War of the Austrian Succession? 5.What allowed Maria Theresa to inherit her father’s lands? 6.Rank that was dependent upon performance of government service was called what? 7.Why did Russia need a warm water port? 8.Who was Russia’s greatest reformer? 9.What does the term “Westernization” mean as it pertains to Russia? 10.Where did the following rule 1) Maria Theresa 2) Frederick the Great 3) Ivan the Terrible