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Published byEverett Stewart Modified over 8 years ago
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Beginnings of Industrialization
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Began in Britain; Late 18 th Cent. Industrialization= Development of machine-produced goods. Wealthy landowners bought land of poor farmers. Created Enclosures = fenced in land of wealthy landowners Small/poor farmers forced to become tenant farmers or move to cities New farming technology/methods 1701= Seed drill, Jethro Tull Crop rotation
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Why England? Had factors of production= Resources needed to industrialize (Land/Labor/Capital) 1) High pop & Natural resources Water/Coal= Fuel Iron ore= Construction Rivers/Harbors 2) Expanding economy & efficient banking system Availability of bank loans 3) Politically stable nation
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Textile Industry 1 st industry impacted by industrialization. New inventions were vital: 1) 1733= Flying shuttleFlying shuttle 2) 1764= Spinning wheelSpinning wheel 3) 1769= Water frame 4) 1779= Spinning muleSpinning mule 5) 1787= Power loomPower loom
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Textile Industry Inventions led to creation of factories. Built nears rivers/streams Key invention: Cotton gin 1793= Eli Whitney
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Transportation Industry 1765= Steam engine, James Watt Partnered with Matthew Bolton; Entrepreneur Impacted England; created thousands of miles of canals to cut transportation costs American, Robert Fulton and the steamboat Road transportation Companies created that built/operated roads; Turnpikes
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Railroad Industry 1821= George Stephenson Built 20 engines for mine operators in Northern England Built world’s first railroad line in 1825 1830= Liverpool-Manchester Railroad opened Effects of Railroad: 1) Sparked industrial growth; Cheaper way to transport goods 2) Created jobs 3) Boosted agricultural/fishing industries 4) Made traveling easier; People could travel to cities to work
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Effects of Industrialization
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Negative Effects Urbanization= City-building/movement of people to cities London Birmingham & Sheffield (Iron-smelting) Leeds & Manchester (Textiles) Poor living conditions Cities developed too quickly No development plans; No sanitary or building codes Working conditions Factory owners wanted high production= Machines ran constantly 14 hour days/6 days a week Child labor Industry brought dangers to work
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Negative Effects Class Tensions Due to new wealth of the middle class Middle Class= Factory owners/shippers/merchants Before Industrial Age, landowners/aristocrats @ top of society Upper/Lower Middle Class lived comfortably Working Class No improvements in their living/working conditions Many members of this class loss job due to machines replacing them Led to workers riots
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Positive Effects Short-term 1) Created jobs 2) Nations became wealthier 3) Technological progress brought more goods to people 4) Created higher standards of living Long-term 1) More access to consumer goods 2) Living/working conditions improved 3) Profits used to improve urban areas
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Industrialization Spreads
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Industrialization & the USA U.S had same factors of production as Britain Industrialization began with textile industry 1789= British factory worker, Samuel Slater moved to U.S, drew design of spinning machine from memory 1813= Francis Cabot Lowell & four investors created American textile industry in Massachusetts Teenage girls/single women= labor force 12 hour days/6 days a week
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U.S Industries Expand After 1865, U.S experienced technological boom Due to resources= Oil, coal, and iron Inventions= Electric light bulb, telephone Growing population that consumed new, manufactured goods
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U.S Industries Expand Railroads played a major role in expansion.
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