1. HISTORY STANDARD THREE (a): Students will compare different historians’ descriptions of the same societies in order to examine how the choice of questions and use of sources may affect their conclusions. LEARNING ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS (1) Why might historians disagree about the same historical event? (2) To what extent does history change?

2. Conflict 1754-1775

3. I. The French and Indian War A.European Rivals in North America 1. England, France, Spain and the Netherlands. Competed for trade and land France was the most serious threat; prevented the English colonies from expanding to the west Both wanted control of the Ohio River Valley – linked French lands between Canada and settlements along the Mississippi River (major trade route)

4. 2. Native Americans Choose Sides France – Algonquins and Hurons England – Iroquois France vs. England George Washington – led the soldiers (colonial militia) that provided the opening shots of the war I. The French and Indian War (cont.)

5. II. Colonial Leaders A.Who were they? 1. Samuel Adams, John Adams, Patrick Henry, Ben Franklin Organized protests, stirred public support

8. B. Boston Massacre 1. Why did it happen? Colonists were protesting the Quartering Act 2. What happened? Colonists became rowdy (throwing snow/ice, shells, yelling, etc.); British soldiers reacted by firing into the crowd, killing five colonists (Crispus Attucks) 3. Reaction Paul Revere created an engraving of the event (bias and propaganda), that depicted the colonists as innocent to provoke the remaining colonies. II. Colonial Leaders (cont.)

9. III. Protest to Revolution A.Boston Tea Party 1. Colonists disguised as Mohawk Indians dumped tea into the Boston Harbor in protest of the Tea Act

10. III. Protest to Revolution (cont.) B. Battles of Lexington and Concord 1. The battle which started the American Revolution “shot heard around the world”

11. AMERICAN REVOLUTION (1775-1783)

12. A. Olive Branch Petition (Peace) 1.peace petition that declared loyalty to King George and asked him to repeal the Intolerable Acts IV. Peace or War? King George was furious; war was inevitable

13. B. Declaration of Independence (War) 1. 1776 document stating that the 13 English colonies were a free and independent nation written by Thomas Jefferson adopted on July 4 th, 1776 John Hancock (President of the Continental Congress) was the first to sign

14. 2. Three Parts to the Declaration of Independence: FIRST SECTION – stresses the idea of natural rights or rights that belong to all people from birth (Natural Rights) SECOND SECTION – list wrongs that lead the Americans to break away from Britain (British Wrongs) THIRD SECTION – announces that the colonies are the United States of America (Independence)

15. A. Treaty of Paris V. End of the War 1. peace talks began in Paris in 1782 congress sent Ben Franklin, John Adams, John Jay, and Henry Laurens as representatives RESULT - Britain recognized the United States as an independent nation

16. New United States Boundaries

17. B. Reasons Why The Americans Won: 1. Geography British had to send soldiers and supplies to a war that was several thousand miles from home British had to fight an enemy that was spread over a wide area Americans were more familiar with the battlegrounds

18. 2. Foreign Help Spanish attacked the British along the Gulf of Mexico and in the Mississippi Valley. French money helped pay for supplies and French military aid provided vital support to American troops (provided a navy).

19. 3. Patriotism Americans’ patriotic spirit and fighting skills were key to their victory.