1. Homework Quiz 1. Which president’s administration was full of scandal? 2. What was the name of the meeting of eight nations and the United States that was aimed to end a costly naval arms race? 3. What did the Kellogg-Briand Pact do? 4. Which invention of Henry Ford made cars available to more people? 5. What economic state was viewed as shameful until the 1920s? Bonus: What plan was used to help with European World War I debts?

2. Political, Economic, and Social Life in the 1920s Goal 9

3. Essential Idea The “Roaring Twenties” was a time of economic growth and a raised standard of living.

4. Warren G. Harding Warren G. Harding: Won the Election of 1920 by campaigning for a “return to normalcy”

5. The “Ohio Gang” Scandal #1: The Ohio Gang – Harding hired his poker buddies into government positions The Ohio Gang sold government jobs and gave unethical pardons

6. Teapot Dome Scandal Scandal #2: Teapot Dome Scandal – Secretary of Interior, Albert Fall, took a bribe from an oil company to drill in Wyoming

7. Harding Dies End of Harding’s Presidency End of Harding’s Presidency In June 1923, Harding had a stroke and died In June 1923, Harding had a stroke and died Calvin Coolidge became president Calvin Coolidge became president

8. Isolationism American Post-war Feelings: American Post-war Feelings: Isolationism – the belief that the United States would be safer if it stayed out of foreign affairs Isolationism – the belief that the United States would be safer if it stayed out of foreign affairs When Isolationism started: when the United States refused to join the League of Nations When Isolationism started: when the United States refused to join the League of Nations

9. Economic Trouble in Europe Coolidge’s Goals: Coolidge’s Goals: Promote peace, stability, and economic growth Promote peace, stability, and economic growth How did it conflict with isolationism? How did it conflict with isolationism? European economies were suffering after World War I European economies were suffering after World War I American businesses needed European markets in order to prosper American businesses needed European markets in order to prosper

10. The Dawes Plan The Plan: The Dawes Plan Who: The United States What they did: U.S. banks loaned money to Germany Who: Germany What they did: Germany used this money to pay reparations according to the War Guilt Clause Who: Britain and France What they did: lowered reparations and paid back money owed to the United States in war debts

11. Return of Militarism? New Problem: Many countries began to take part in a naval arms race (militarism again!) New Problem: Many countries began to take part in a naval arms race (militarism again!)

12. The Washington Conference Solution #1:Solution #1: Washington Conference – United States, Britain, France, Japan, and Italy agreed to ban naval production for ten yearsWashington Conference – United States, Britain, France, Japan, and Italy agreed to ban naval production for ten years

13. Kellogg-Briand Pact Solution #2:Solution #2: Kellogg-Briand Pact – United States and 14 other countries agree to outlaw warKellogg-Briand Pact – United States and 14 other countries agree to outlaw war Why funny? You can’t outlaw war!Why funny? You can’t outlaw war!

14. The Economy Grows Production: Henry Ford’s Assembly Line allowed cars to be produced quickly (12 hours to 93 minutes per car) and cheaply ($850 to $295)

15. The Model T Five Dollar Days: Ford’s workers made $5 a day, which was a lot at the time Many workers used this high pay to buy cars, which helped Ford

16. The Automobile Changes America Impact of Cars: Impact of Cars: Millions of people could now afford cars Millions of people could now afford cars People could live farther from work and now rural areas were not so isolated People could live farther from work and now rural areas were not so isolated

17. Airplanes Airplanes: Airplanes: Wright Brothers invented the airplane Wright Brothers invented the airplane Charles Linburgh was the first to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean Charles Linburgh was the first to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean Businesses saw potential for commercial flights Businesses saw potential for commercial flights

18. Buying on Credit Pros – installment plans: making payments over time People were able to afford more expensive things Cons – eventually people have to pay off the expensive things!

19. Changes in Culture The Group: The Lost Generation Who they were: writers who were disillusioned by World War I Their motto: “Eat, drink, and be merry, for tomorrow we die”

20. Famous Writers Ernest Hemmingway: wrote “For Whom the Bell Tolls”, which reflected the idea of the Lost Generation Ernest Hemmingway: wrote “For Whom the Bell Tolls”, which reflected the idea of the Lost Generation F. Scott Fitzgerald: wrote “The Great Gatsby”, which reflected life in the 1920s F. Scott Fitzgerald: wrote “The Great Gatsby”, which reflected life in the 1920s

21. Leisure Time The Result of the Booming Economy of the Roaring ’20s: The Result of the Booming Economy of the Roaring ’20s: There was a higher standard of living and more leisure (free) time There was a higher standard of living and more leisure (free) time

22. Movies and Music Leisure Activity #1: Movies The Jazz Singer – the first “talkie” (had sound) Leisure Activity #2: Radio Jazz became popular and was listened to by millions Louis Armstrong – most famous jazz musician

23. Sports Leisure Activity #3: Sports Baseball – most famous player was Babe Ruth Boxing – most famous boxer was Jack Dempsey

24. Bringing the Country Together? Mass media: the use of radios, movies, newspapers, and magazines to reach a broad audience

25. Mass Media and Advertising Economic Impact: businesses could use advertising to sell more products to more people Social Impact: people all over the country were reading/watching/listening to the SAME things