1. Unit II Review

2. PERIOD 3 (1754-1800)

3. Pontiac’s Rebellion An attack by the Indians against the British in the Ohio River Valley; ended good American/Indian relations on the frontier

4. Proclamation of 1763 Forbid English colonists to go west of the Appalachian Mountains; angered the American colonists

5. Albany Plan of Union Benjamin Franklin’s idea for early colonial unity

6. Committees of Correspondence This group kept the colonists aware of any resistance tactics that were being used (i.e. boycotts)

7. Declaration of Rights and Grievances Adopted by the Stamp Act Congress proclaiming “no taxation without representation.”

8. Declaratory Act Parliament law that reiterated that they could pass any law for managing the colonies

9. First Continental Congress Meeting in 1774 to denounce the Intolerable Acts

10. Intolerable Acts/Coercive Acts The name given to a series of acts that forbid settlement in Canada, closed the port of Boston, and suspended its legislature

11. Loyalists Colonists who continued to support Britain

12. Non-Importation Agreement Boycott of British goods

13. Patriots Name given to colonists who support the establishment of an independent nation

14. Samuel Adams & Paul Revere Led the Sons of Liberty in Massachusetts

15. Stamp Act Direct tax on magazines, papers, licenses; resisted by the colonists

16. Tea Act Gave the British East India Company the ability to sell cheap tea in America without being taxed

17. Townshend Acts 1767 tax on paper, lead, glass, and tea imported into the colonies; when colonists opposed it the British sent in more troops

18. Virtual representation British argument that Parliament represented all English citizens, including the colonists

19. Boston Massacre 1770: British soldiers killed 5 Bostonians including Crispus Attucks after a colonial mob was heckling

20. Boston Tea Party 1773: Citizens dressed as Native Americans destroyed tea on British ships in Boston Harbor

21. Thomas Jefferson Authored the Declaration of Independence

22. Common Sense Pamphlet written to encourage the American Independence movement

23. John Locke Philosopher that was a major influence on the writers of the Declaration.

24. Lexington & Concord Site of the initial battles in the Revolutionary War

25. Olive Branch Petition The last attempt to reconcile with the King

26. Preamble The name of the introduction to the Declaration of Independence

27. Second Continental Congress Appointed George Washington Commander of the American military

28. Treaty of Paris 1783 Peace settlement after the Revolutionary War; U.S. received all land east of the Mississippi

29. Yorktown Site of British surrender during American Revolution

30. Battle of Saratoga Turning point of the Revolutionary War; victory convinced the French to send aid

31. Intolerable Acts/Coercive Acts The name given to a series of acts that forbid settlement in Canada, closed the port of Boston, and suspended its legislature

32. John Jay Wrote the Federalists Papers, negotiated the Treaty of Paris & was Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

33. Benedict Arnold Traitorous, talented General in the Continental Army

34. Iroquois Confederacy Indian group in the Northeast

35. Republican Mothers Their goal was to raise good republican citizens

36. Unicameral legislature The name given to a one house legislature as under the Articles of Confederation

37. 13 Number of states needed to amend the Articles of Confederation

38. 9 Number of states needed to pass a law under the Articles

39. Declare war, make treaties, deal with Indians, coin money Name one of the powers given to the weak Confederation Congress

40. Inflation When states printed their own money it led to _________ which upset creditors

41. No power to raise an army, no power to tax, no power to regulate commerce State a weakness of the Articles

42. Northwest Ordinance The greatest achievement of the Articles that provided for the orderly settlement of land

43. Shays’ Rebellion Pointed out the inability of the national government to deal with the economic issues after the war

44. tariff A tax on imported goods; also called a customs duty

45. Separation of powers Division of duties between separate branches of government; legislative, executive, judicial

46. Supremacy clause Part of the Constitution that makes the federal government prevail if the fall into a dispute with a state government

47. 10 th Amendment States that all powers not specified in the Constitution are reserved for the states

48. Amendment process Allows the Constitution to change with the times

49. Checks and balances Ensures that one branch of government doesn’t get too powerful

50. Concurrent powers Powers that both the state and federal governments share

51. Delegated powers Enumerated powers, duties of the federal government

52. Elastic clause The part of the Constitution that lets the federal government make laws that are “necessary and proper”

53. Electoral college Delegates from each state send representatives to elect the President

54. Federalism Division of powers between levels of government: local, state, national

55. Implied powers Powers given to the federal government, that are not specified in the Constitution, utilizing the elastic clause

56. Limited government Specifies restrictions on the federal government so as to guarantee personal liberties

57. Popular sovereignty Civil participation in government; people vote

58. Reserved powers Things only the states governments can do

59. Great Compromise Decision to create a bicameral (two house) legislature

60. House of Representatives Elected directly by the voters (constituents) in an area

61. James Madison Referred to as the “Father of the Constitution”

62. New Jersey Plan Plan for government that had equal representation of all the states

63. Senators Two per state, chosen by the state legislatures until the 20 th century amendment

64. Virginia Plan Plan for the proportionate representation in government to population

65. Women, blacks, Indians, lower classes Left out of the proceedings at the Constitutional Convention

66. 3/5 Compromise Decision on how to handle slaves in terms of population for representation

67. Bill of Rights Not written at the Constitutional Convention; will be added after

68. Federalist Papers Articles in a NY newspaper to encourage ratification & convince people that a large republic protected minority rights

69. Federalists Wanted a strong national government; typically white, upper class, merchants, plantation owners

70. 1 st Amendment Freedom of speech, press, religion, assembly

71. Ratify To approve and sign into law

72. Rhode Island Last state to ratify the Constitution

73. 2 nd Amendment Right to bear arms

74. 5 th Amendment Right to due process, no double jeopardy

75. 9 Number of states needed to ratify the Constitution

76. Anti-Federalists Did not want a strong national government; often small time farmers, poor

77. Excise tax Luxury tax on Whiskey to raise revenue for the federal government

78. Jay’s Treaty Tried to settle a disagreement between the British & US over the Treaty of Paris; British agreed to leave posts

79. John Adams Strong Federalist, 2 nd President, served 1 term

80. Kentucky & Virginia Resolutions Written by Jefferson & Madison in response to the Alien & Sedition Acts; suggested nullification

81. National Bank Part of Hamilton’s financial plan to organize the nation’s finances

82. Pickney’s Treaty Agreement with Spain that gave the U.S. the right of deposit in New Orleans and use of the Mississippi River

83. Sedition Act Made it illegal to speak against the newly formed government

84. Whiskey Rebellion PA farmers refused to pay excise tax; Washington brought in federal militia

85. XYZ Affair France wanted a bribe to receive the U.S. ambassadors; French were harassing U.S. ships

86. Alien Act Made it more difficult to become a citizen; meant to reduce Jeffersonian influence