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Wound Management of Cancer patient

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Presentation on theme: "Wound Management of Cancer patient"— Presentation transcript:

1 Wound Management of Cancer patient
Mi-Jin Lee Samsung medical center

2 Wound Management of Cancer patient
학습목표 1. 암 상처와 암과 관련된 상처에 대해 설명할 수 있다. 2. 암 상처의 특성에 대해 설명할 수 있다. 3. 암 상처의 관리 목표를 말할 수 있다. 4. 암 상처의 5가지 주요 측면을 설명할 수 있다. 5. 암 상처의 5가지 주요 측면에 대한 중재를 말할 수 있다. 6. chemotherapy와 관련된 피부문제와 적절한 중재를 말할 수 있다. 7. Radiation과 관련된 피부문제와 적절한 중재를 말할 수 있다. 8. GHVD와 관련된 피부문제와 적절한 중재를 말할 수 있다.

3 Skin problem of Cancer patient
암 자체에 의한 문제 Malignant wound - primary malignant disease, Cutaneous metastasis 암 치료와 관련된 문제 Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, biotherapy, Surgery 기타 질병관련 문제 영양장애, 부종, 감염, 황달, 실금 등

4 Skin problem of Cancer patient
1. Malignant wounds 2. Chemotherapy와 관련된 피부문제 3. Radiation therapy와 관련된 피부문제 4. GVHD와 관련된 피부문제

5 Malignant wound 1.Definition ulcerating malignant skin lesion
A cancerous lesion involving the skin which is open and may be draining (BCCA,1997) -primary cancer -metastasis to the skin from a local tumor -metastasis th the skin from distant site

6 Malignant wound 2. Incidence 3. Etiology 1) incidence is unknown
2) estimated 5% to 10% of patients with metastases will develop malignant wound 3) usually occur in the last six months of life more likely to occur in older patients. 3. Etiology 1) breast(most common), head & neck, melanoma, sarcoma, kidney ovary, lung, colon, penis, bladder, leukemia, lymphoma 2) usually occurs via the lymphatics, perineural space, blood stream or directly from primary lesion 3) metastatic wound usually have a poor out come.

7 Malignant wound 4. Pathophysiology tumor embolization으로 발생
tumor의 local extension, epithelium이나 이를 지지하는 조직으로의 tumor embolization으로 발생 take the place of platelet produce a decrease in leukocyte in wound bed 혈관투과성 인자 분비  hyperpermeability  영양분, 산소공급 증가  unregulate growth, large fibrous exudate lack of the ability to contract growth factor  분비 병변 크기증가  맥관 구조 상실, 손상  vascular perfusion ischemia, necrosis 암세포 혈관파괴 조직허혈 조직 생존력 상실 혈관폐쇄 혈류차단

8 Malignant Wound Management
5. Assessment ASSESSMENT PARAMETER DESCRIPTION Appearance Necrosis, slough, bleeding, ulceration Odor Sweet, foul (offensive) Drainage/exudate Clear, thick, thin : low, moderate, copious amount Presence of infection Increased drainage : fever, leukocytosis Periwound skin Erythemia, maceration, edema, tenderness, maculopapular rash Size & shape of site Interference with dressing application

9 Malignant Wound Management
5. Intervention 1) Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormone therapy, surgery, cryotherapy, laser therapy 2) Epithelial cell의 증식이 어렵고, vascularity의 변화로 치료의 예후는 좋지 않음. 3) Normal wound의 치유 및 관리 및 치유원칙을 바탕으로 care plan을 세울 것. 4) 암 상처관리의 목표 - 삶의 부정적인 영향을 최소화 안위증진, 상처치유 환경조성 상처주변 피부의 통합성 유지 수분 및 전해질 불균형 예방 5) 암 환자의 상처관리의 주요 측면 – Necrosis, Odor, Exudate, Bleeding, Infection, Pain

10 Malignant Wound Management
Necrosis Fungating tumor 성장 >혈액공급속도 괴사조직 형성 악취 괴사조직 제거(Debridement) Debridement Surgical excision/sharp debridement Mechanical debridement Enzymatic debridement Autolytic debridement Biological debridement

11 Malignant Wound Management
Debridement

12 Malignant Wound Management
Wound cleansing Cleansing solution- saline 이용 Dressing 교환시마다 20~50cc의 saline이 필요 larger, fungating wound - 250cc 이상 필요 ( bacterial load를 효과적으로 감소) 방법 : saline-soaked gauze로 soaking wound에 solution을 poring spray bottle or piston syringe 이용 Irrigation pressure Moist wound cleansing : 5-8 psi necrotic tissue, 다량의 exudates : 5-15 psi 그 이상의 압력은 심각한 조직손상을 유발

13 Malignant Wound Management
Odor 삶의 질에 영향을 주는 심각한 문제 냄새의 원인- bacterial invasion, necrotic tissue Cleansing - bacteria와 exudate 제거 0.25% Dakin’s solution(괴사조직 용해) 4% chlorhexidine gluconate odorproof pouch 1% metronidazole solution 0.75% metronidazole gel deodorizing spray, chacoal dressing

14 Malignant Wound Management
Other strategies Frequent dressing change Frequent bed linen changes Well-ventilated areas for dressing changes Frequent gentle cleansing of the wound with normal saline External room deodorizers 6. Pouching of the wound with wound manager systems or ostomy/urostomy bags to contain the odor instead of dressings

15 Malignant Wound Management
Exudate 원인: VPF분비  hyperpermeability infection decrease the bacterial load  antimicrobial foam, alginate, hydrofiber, absorptive powder, wound drainage pouchs periwound protection suitable alcohol-free barriers placing thin hydrocolloid strips around the wound

16 Malignant Wound Management
Bleeding 약해진 혈관, capillary oozing, platelet function  출혈 경향 Trauma 발생을 예방하는 것이 중요 드레싱 제거시 손상 예방 괴사조직제거는 자가 분해법 사용 외과적, 화학적 방법은 신중 Avoid frequent, unnecessary dressing changes 지혈제, 지혈 및 흡수효과가 있는 비접착성 드레싱 :hydrocolloid, powder, calcium alginate, hydrofiber 지속적인 출혈발생시 방사선조사(2-4Gy/일)

17 Malignant Wound Management
질산은(AgNO3) cauterization Topical epinephrine 1:1000 Oral antifibrinolytics, tranexamic Surgical hemostatic sponges, surgicel Silver nitrate sticks and topical thrombin Other strategies 혈액 흡수를 위해 짙은 수건 가지고 다니도록 설명 비접착성 보호 드레싱 이용, 헐거운 옷 입도록 anxiety높을경우 sedative고려

18 Malignant Wound Management
infection Wound의 bacterial infiltration이 흔함 원인균 – E coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa proteus, klebsiella Normal wound의 defensive phase의 염증반응과 구별 Sign of infection Prolonged or unusual inflammation Yellow fibin slough or necrotic tissue Increase wound pain/tenderness Heavy or malodorous exudate

19 Malignant Wound Management
Infection – 105이상의 bacteria가 존재 항생제처방, topical antibiotics가 효과적일 수 있음. Silver제품 aquacel Ag acticoat Wound drainage와 odor assess yellow purulent drainage - staphylococcus organism green drainage - pseudomonas involvement fruity odor – staphylococcus foul-smelling - gram-negative wound

20 Malignant Wound Management
Pain Three types of pain noncyclic acute pain is pain that occurs in a single episode occurring with each dressing change. chronic wound pain Pharmacological strategies nociceptive pain: opioids and nonopioids neuropathic pain: Opioid and nonopioids anticonvulsants antidepressants Topical analgesic : lidocaon spray Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory


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