1. LENIN AND STALIN AP European History Unit 10

3. Soviet Union A. Russia under LeninComintern founded in 1919

4. “Comrade Lenin cleanses the world of scum”, 1920

5. “Long Live the International proletarian Revolution,” 1925

6. Ruthless oppression a. Terror: Cheka b. War Communism i. Definition ii. Plan iii. Peasant response

7. Kronstadt Rebellion, 1921

8. New Economic Policy (NEP) a.Instituted after civil war b. b.Response to: c. c.Some capitalist measures allowed d. d.Government still controlled heavy industry

9. To what extent was Russia changed by Lenin? a. 1922, Russia renamed Soviet Union; capital moved from Petrograd to Moscow b. Old social structure abolished—titles for nobility ended. c. Loss of influence of eastern Orthodox church d. Russians had greater expectations of freedom e. Women gained equality (in theory)

10. “What the October Revolution gave the worker, the peasant, and women”, 1920

11. Lenin’s demise a. Series of strokes in 1922; left no successor b. Trotsky vs. Stalin

12. Soviet Union under Stalin 1. Stalin in firm control by December 1927 (total control by 1929)   “Socialism in one country”

13. 2. Five-Year Plans a. “Revolution from above” b. Goals b. Goals c. First Five-Year Plan (1928) i. Objectives i. Objectives ii. Implementation ii. Implementation iii. Results iii. Results d. Second Five-Year Plan d. Second Five-Year Plan

14. Dam built during Stalin’s First Five-Year Plan

15. “Enemies of the Five-Year Plan,” 1931, Viktor Deni

16. “To Collective Work,” 1929

17. 3. Collectivization a. Purpose b. Goals c. Response to collectivization  Kulaks d. Results i. 7 million starved to death i. 7 million starved to death ii. Did not increase agriculture ii. Did not increase agriculture

18. “Collective Farm at Work,” 1930

19. “Come, Comrade, Join us on the Collective Farm”

20. “Toward a Prosperous Cultured Life,” 1934

21. “We Will Keep the Kulaks from the Collective Farms,” 1930

22. The results of famine in the Ukraine due to collectivization

23. Livestock in Ukraine YearHorsesCattleSheepHogs19285,300,0008,600,0008,100,0007,000,000 19352,600,0004,400,0002,000,0002,000,000

24. 4. Social impact of Stalinism a. Benefits to workers b. Women

25. 5. The Great Terror: 1934-38 5. The Great Terror: 1934-38 Old Bolsheviks a. Old Bolsheviks – purge trials b. Purge of the military c. As many as 5 million people killed d. Gulags in Siberia