1. The IPRFD/FAO Project on Practical Methods for Monitoring the Right to Adequate Food at country level (VG 17) Can lessons be learned for other ESCR? Arne Oshaug Akershus University College Norway Seminar on the imperative of economic, social and cultural rights in the age of globalization. Exploring entry points to ESCR: the case of the right to adequate food. Norwegian Centre for Human Rights

2. The Project Elaborating Guidelines to Monitor the Implementation of the Right to Adequate Food at Country Level Consists of two volumes near completion

3. Target audiences v RBM Information Providers v Users of RBM Information Outputs

4. Objectives a) Develop and test practical methodological guidelines to monitor the implementation of the right to adequate food at country level b) Provide technical and practical guidance to a few selected countries regarding in-country monitoring of the right to adequate food using existing and relevant information systems/networks, and c) Identify needs for capacity strengthening

5. Country cases Uganda: A practical methodological “ toolkit” for monitoring A practical methodological “ toolkit” for monitoringBrazil: National indicators from existing information sources, and methods to analyze and interpret these indicators National indicators from existing information sources, and methods to analyze and interpret these indicators Develop methods for public budget analysis reflecting government commitments Develop methods for public budget analysis reflecting government commitments Develop practical ways to establish community-based monitoring systems Develop practical ways to establish community-based monitoring systems

6. An international workshop at mid-way September 2005 Implementation and Monitoring of Rights-based Development in the Context of the Voluntary Guidelines on the Realisation of the Right to Adequate Food Implementation and Monitoring of Rights-based Development in the Context of the Voluntary Guidelines on the Realisation of the Right to Adequate Food Financed by MFA, Norway Financed by MFA, Norway

7. G17: Monitoring, indicators and benchmarks 17.1 Establish mechanisms to monitor and evaluate the implementation of these Guidelines. 17.2 Conducting “Right to Food Impact Assessments” as a basis for the adoption of the necessary corrective measures. 17.3 Develop a set of process, impact and outcome indicators.

8. G17: Monitoring, indicators and benchmarks 17.4 In this evaluation process, process indicators on the use of specific policy instruments and interventions. 17.5 Monitor the food-security situation of vulnerable groups, in particular women, children and the elderly, and their nutritional status, including the prevalence of micro-nutrient deficiencies. 17.6 Participatory approach to information gathering, management, analysis, interpretation and dissemination.

9. What do we mean about monitoring in this case? Monitoring ESCR such as the RtF - implies continuous examination of the progressive implementation measures expected to have a bearing on the realisation of that right. Monitoring ESCR such as the RtF - implies continuous examination of the progressive implementation measures expected to have a bearing on the realisation of that right. This means checking This means checking the achievements through development processesthe achievements through development processes whether these process are conducive to HR principleswhether these process are conducive to HR principles

10. State obligations (GC 12) Respect, Protect, Fulfil Respect - not to take any measures that result in preventing access to food Protect - ensure that no actors deprive individuals of their access to adequate food Fulfil (facilitate) - proactively engage in activities intended to strengthen people’s access to and utilization of resources and means to ensure their food security Fulfil (provide) - provide food directly whenever an individual or group is unable, for reasons beyond their control, to enjoy the right to adequate food

11. PMM I Enhancing the Case for Monitoring the Human Right to Adequate Food: A Framework A draft is ready – with references to the international human rights instruments, the WFS and WFS:fyl, the General comments in particular No. 12, and the Voluntary Guidelines Rights-based development and the realisation of the RtFRights-based development and the realisation of the RtF The meaning and application of RBMThe meaning and application of RBM Putting the right to adequate food into practicePutting the right to adequate food into practice Implementing the RBM at country levelImplementing the RBM at country level Strengthening institutional capacity in monitoringStrengthening institutional capacity in monitoring Clarification of key termsClarification of key terms

12. PMM II Methods to Monitor the Realisation of the Right to Adequate Food (cont.) Our challenge of making the links from the Framework (PMM I) to Practical Methods (PMM II) Our challenge of making the links from the Framework (PMM I) to Practical Methods (PMM II) Many dimensions – demand interdisciplinary approaches and thorough testing in real country situations Many dimensions – demand interdisciplinary approaches and thorough testing in real country situations

13. PMM II Methods to Monitor the Realisation of the Right to Adequate Food (cont.) HR principles up-front HR principles up-front Needs cross references to the various guidelines in each Method Needs cross references to the various guidelines in each Method Needs to address how RBM would be part of monitoring in general Needs to address how RBM would be part of monitoring in general

14. PMM II Methods to Monitor the Realisation of the Right to Adequate Food Considerable potential for braking new ground From framework to practical approach From framework to practical approach Data, indicators and presentation tools of various uses Data, indicators and presentation tools of various uses Methods Methods Food security analysesFood security analyses Vulnerability assessmentsVulnerability assessments Assessing and analysing legal frameworksAssessing and analysing legal frameworks Assessing political commitmentsAssessing political commitments

15. PMM II Methods to Monitor the Realisation of the Right to Adequate Food (cont.) Impact analyses Impact analyses Policy impact – relationship between resources and outcomePolicy impact – relationship between resources and outcome Dietary intake assessmentDietary intake assessment Nutritional health statusNutritional health status Trade – positive and negative impacts?Trade – positive and negative impacts?

16. PMM II Methods to Monitor the Realisation of the Right to Adequate Food (cont.) Challenges Interdisciplinary approach – an imperative Interdisciplinary approach – an imperative Must be simple but comprehensive Must be simple but comprehensive Cross-references in each methodological tools to the relevant Voluntary Guidelines Cross-references in each methodological tools to the relevant Voluntary Guidelines Use of HR principles in all assessments and analyses Use of HR principles in all assessments and analyses

17. PMM II Methods to Monitor the Realisation of the Right to Adequate Food (cont.) Future needs Referees for technical quality assurances Referees for technical quality assurances Testing in various settings – national to local level Testing in various settings – national to local level Feedback, refinement, further development, adding new methodological tools? Feedback, refinement, further development, adding new methodological tools? PMM II – a ‘living document’ PMM II – a ‘living document’

19. Food Security Adequate Food supply Stable food supply and access Nutritional adequate diet Safe food Culturally acceptable food Ecological sustainable Economic and social sustainable Consumer concerns Operationalisation of the term ’food security’ from the WFS, 1996

20. 20 Respect Protect Fulfil Facilitate Provide Obligation of Conduct Obligation of Result Nature of obligations Level of obligations

21. 21 A framework for working out obligations for implementing the right to adequate food in the context of household food security H o u s e h o l d F o o d S e c u r i t y Respect Adequate food Sustainable supply of adequate food Dietary adequate (quantity, nutritional quality) Safe for human beings to eat Culturally acceptable Protect Fulfil - Facilitate - Provide Normative principles Level of state obligations Stable access to adequate food Environmentally and economically sustainable food systems Physical and economical access to food within the household’s livelihood

22. Food Security Respect Protect Levels of state obligation Normative Framework The Food Security Matrix - the situation in Norway Facilitate/ implement Adequate food supplyStable food supply and access Nutritionally adequate Safe Culturally acceptable food Environmental/ ecological sustainable Economic and social sustainable *Mentioned in the White paper *Labeling *Scientific documentation * Milk, fruit, veg. in schools * Info - NNC *Open meetings *Hearings *Adapt risk level *Transparency *Risk assessm. *Laws/reg. *Control services *Monitoring *Risk handling/ communication *Action plan consumer policy *Monitoring & analysis of food preferences *Labeling: Origin, content, way of production *Product dev. *Courses *Historical res. *Surveillance of people`s fears vs real problems of pollution and risk *Surveillance of used pesticides, pesticides in the environment, effect on the environment *Action Plan to reduce risk when using pesticides *Diploma course in using pesticides Ministry of Social Affairs Ministry of Finance Ministry of Social Affairs Ministry of Finance Ministry of Social Affairs Ministry of Finance