1. BY: CAMERON Z. SARAH HAYES HEIDI KROTH Life at the Turn of the 20 th Century

2. SCIENCE AND URBAN LIFE Technology and City Life Skyscrapers The building of skyscrapers was made possible by the invention of elevators and internal steel skeletons Skyscrapers addressed the problem in cities of not enough space Louis Sullivan designed a 10-story skyscraper in St. Louis, and Daniel Burnham made a 285 foot one in New York

3. Engineering and Urban Planning City Planning Steel cable suspension bridges brought city sections closer together City planners wanted to have more parks Olmstead leaded designing parks in cities Olmstead and Vaux designed Central Park in New York to make people happier Chicago used to be an unorganized mess Burnham decided to remake Chicago Burnham made Chicago so that the streets had a design and actually made sense Chicago has long sections of beaches rather than crowded wharves and piers

4. Electric Transit 1870s and 1880s, underground moving cables powered streetcar lines Electric streetcars, trolleys, elevated trains, subways, and new railroad lines made transportation to cities more efficient People could now commute easier from suburbs to downtown jobs

5. A Revolution in Printing Airplanes Literacy rate increased, so there was more demand for books, newspapers, and magazines Mills began to make lots of cheap durable paper out of wood pulp Electric web-perfecting press printed on both sides of a roll of paper and make newspapers faster With faster production and lower costs, people could buy newspapers for one penny per copy Orville and Wilbur Wright made a glider, then tried a biplane Their first successful flight was on December 17, 1903 in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina After two years, they could fly for 24 miles After seeing potential, the U.S. government set up the first transcontinental airmail service New Technologies

6. Photography Explosion It used to take a long time to take a picture George Eastman developed a more efficient camera For $25 you could get one Kodak camera with 100 pictures, and then pay $10 to have them developed and your camera reloaded Millions of people became amateur photographers An amateur caught the first flight of the Wright brothers on film

7. THE DAWN OF MASS CULTURE American Leisure Amusement Parks In cities, some neighborhoods built parks Amusement parks were often built by trolley-car companies looking for more passengers Parks had picnic grounds and different rides Coney Island had roller coasters and the World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago had the world’s first Ferris wheel

8. Bicycling and Tennis Bicycling used to be a men's sport because one tiny bump could throw you over the handlebars Safety bicycles with a dropped frame and no crossbar made cycling more appealing to women Women wore shirtwaists and split skirts Cycling gave women more freedom The modern version of tennis came from North Wales in 1873 Hershey and Coca-Cola® were first sold

9. Spectator Sports Baseball Americans became fans of baseball and boxing People crammed into shops to hear the highlights of a game if they couldn’t attend them New rules turned baseball into a professional sport Baseball clubs spring up The National League was formed in 1876 and the American League in 1900 African Americans were excluded, so they formed their own leagues By the 1890s, baseball had a schedule, rules, and a standard size for a diamond

10. The Spread of Mass Culture Mass Circulation Newspapers Newspapers started to have catchy titles Joseph Pulitzer brought large Sunday papers, comics, sports, and women’s news Pulitzer competed against William Randolph Hearst News was so exaggerated that Hearst falsley said we conquered Mars By 1898 each paper sold more than one million copies a day

11. Promoting Fine Arts Popular Fiction By 1900, every large city had an art gallery Eakins embraced painting realism The Aschan school of American art taught realism Realism was challenged by European abstract art There were thousands of free circulating libraries Most people read light fiction that sold for ten cents Dime novels usually told glorified stories of adventures in the West Sarah Orne Jewett, Theodore Dresier, Stephen Crane, Jack London, and Willa Cather were sucessful writers Mark Twain wrote classics like The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn African americans were excluded museums and other white-controlled institutes

12. Urban Shopping The Department Store The first shopping center opened in Cleveland, Ohio in 1890 Retail shopping districts typically formed near public transportation convenient for shoppers Merchants started the modern department store Marshall Field brought the concept of a department store to America Field found that paying close attention to women costumers increased sales Field sold bargain goods that were “less expensive but reliable” New Ways to Sell Goods

13. The Chain Store Advertising Chain stores are stores offering the same goods by the same owners They made money by buying in quantity and limiting personal service Woolworth found that selling something at a really low price caused people to buy thing in the spur of the moment because it was so cheap The Woolworth chain had 596 stores by 1911 Spending on adverting increased by almost ten times from 1865 to 1900 Medicines, soap, and baking powders had the most advertisements In the 1870’s, people would put signs up on barns, houses, billboards, and rocks

14. Catalogs and RFD Montgomery Ward catalogs were launched in 1872 Richard Sears started his company in 1886 By 1910, 10 million Americans bought goods by mail In 1896 the U.S. Post Office started rural free delivery (RFD) Brought packages to every home

15. Citations http://www.kshs.org/kansapedia/cool-things-small-town- photographer-s-camera/15046 http://www.kshs.org/kansapedia/cool-things-small-town- photographer-s-camera/15046 http://www.examiner.com/article/antique-sears-roebuck-co-catalog- the-wish-book http://www.examiner.com/article/antique-sears-roebuck-co-catalog- the-wish-book http://www.lonelyplanet.com/usa/great-plains/black- hills/images/city-of-lead-black-hill$20933-29 http://www.lonelyplanet.com/usa/great-plains/black- hills/images/city-of-lead-black-hill$20933-29 http://buddychai.com/Brooklyn/Canarsie.html http://cuheritage.org/exhibits/athletics/baseball/