1. U.S. Involvement Grows Chapter 16, Section 2

2. Think-Pair-Share How might the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution impact the conflict in Vietnam?

3. “Americanizing” the War ●Operation Rolling Thunder: first sustained bombing campaign against North Vietnam o caused destruction, but not peace o more troops sent ●William Westmoreland: American commander in South Vietnam o increased military presence (airstrikes and troops) o 1965-1973: 6 million tons of bombs dropped

4. ●Napalm: jellied gasoline dropped in large canisters that explode on impact and cover large areas in flames o stuck to everything

5. ●Agent Orange: herbicide meant to kill plant life o used to defoliate the countryside and disrupt enemy’s food supply o many scientists made links to cancer and other physical problems

6. ●Style of fighting o small bands of guerilla fighters o Minh - Fight only when victory is assured  never fight on enemy’s territory ●Why might this be important?  Americans: elephant; Vietcong: tiger ●Tiger stands still, elephant crushes it ●Tiger keeps moving while occasionally biting the elephant, the elephant will slowly bleed to death

7. ●1965: 184,300 troops in Vietnam, 636 died in the war ●1968: over 250,000 troops in Vietnam, 30,000 died ●Cost more money and more American lives each year, but no closer to victory o By 1967: stalemate  comparable to a quagmire (muddy terrain that sinks underfoot and difficult to exit)

8. Patriotism, Heroism, and Sinking Morale ●U.S. helped South Vietnamese troops o Afraid of triggering Chinese and Soviet involvement ● Fought small bands of Vietcong, often at night in unfamiliar terrain ●More than 58,000 deaths in the Vietnam War ●Female military personnel, mostly nurses

9. Ho Chi Minh Trail: route for North Vietnamese troops

11. Cu Chi Tunnels

12. ●Majority of the war, soldiers committed to the war effort and stopping communism o As war lengthened, questioned the motives  By the end of 1965, most American soldiers were drafted

13. Doubt Grows on the Home Front ●Americans expected a quick victory ●Government spending led to rising prices and inflation - Johnson raised taxes o cut back on Great Society reforms to fund war ●hawks: supported Johnson’s war policy (mostly Conservative) ●doves: opposed U.S. involvement in the war o “civil war” not part of the Cold War

14. The Bombing Campaign: U.S. officials promised that increased bombing would bring America closer to victory. 1.Does the emotion on the person’s face suggest that the plan is working? Explain. 1.Do you think the cartoonist was a hawk or a dove? Explain.

15. RAFT Assignment Due Wednesday, February 25th Choose a side: Are you a hawk or a dove? Write a LETTER to President Johnson on your viewpoint of the war. Should the U.S. continue to fight or pull out of Vietnam? Explain why you would support/oppose the Vietnam War. Give at least 2 specific reasons for your argument. Persuade the president to agree with your point of view. ●Be creative! You may hand-write or type. You can write it from different perspectives of citizens (Congressman, mother, draftee, etc.)

16. Role: concerned U.S. citizen Audience: President Johnson Format: Letter Topic: Vietnam War (hawk or dove?)

17. Grading Rubric: 35 points ●Requirements: 25 points o Hawk or dove? (3 points) o At least 2 different factual reasons and explain (5 points for each reason) o Involvement of U.S. in Vietnam (5 points) o Letter format (2 points) o Persuade the president on what to do (5 points) ●Grammar: 10 points o 1-2 mistakes: -1 o 3-4 mistakes: -2 o etc.