2. BTLEW Your College Years Bob Hartman Book ３ Lesson 1

3. BTLEW Part One: Warm-up Part Two: Background Information Part Three: Text analysis Part Four: Detailed Study Part Five: Text ExtensionWarm-upBackground InformationText aDetailed StudyExtension Book ３ Lesson 1 Contents BTLEW

4. BTLEW 1.As a sophomore, what is your general impression of college?  many opportunities for one to explore the unknown  experiencing a lot  making lifelong friends  enjoying various kinds of activities  developing one’s personal interests  meeting outstanding scholars  keeping a good balance and laying a solid foundation ……  the golden time in one’s life Part One Warm-up Questions

5. BTLEW Lesson 1 – Your College Years Warm-up Questions To be continued on the next page. 2. Have you experienced anything different from your middle school life?  being far away from home  living with others  becoming independent  taking care of oneself  handling one’s own finance  making one’s own decisions ……  changes are occurring

6. BTLEW Lesson 1 – Your College Years Warm-up Questions To be continued on the next page. 3. What’s your purpose of receiving a college education?  to get and keep a good job  to earn more money  to get a good start in life  to fully develop oneself  to contribute more to the society ……  a sound investment that is worth every penny

7. BTLEW Lesson 1 – Your College Years Warm-up Questions The end of Warm-up Questions. 4. Have you had any psychological problems ever since you entered college?  loneliness  confusion  frustration  jealousy  a sense of inferiority  feeling pressure ……  psychological problems abound on campus

8. BTLEW Lesson 1 – Your College Years I. AuthorAuthor II. Erik H. EricksonErik H. Erickson III.Erickson’s Developmental StagesErickson’s Developmental Stages Part two Background information

9. BTLEW Bob Hartman was born in Pittsburgh, the United States, and moved to England in the summer of 2000. He has been working as a storyteller for children for more than a decade and is a part-time pastor. Lesson 1 – Your College Years I.Author To be continued on the next page.

10. BTLEW Lesson 1 – Your College Years I.Author The end of Author. A selection of books by Bob Hartman

11. BTLEW Erik H. Erikson (1902—1994), was a German-born American psychoanalyst whose writings on social psychology, individual identity, and the interactions of psychology with history, politics, and culture influenced professional approaches to psychosocial problems and attracted much popular interest. He was most famous for his work on refining and expanding Freud’s theory of developmental stages. Lesson 1 – Your College Years II.Erik H. Erickson To be continued on the next page.

12. BTLEW Lesson 1 – Your College Years III.Erickson’s Theory of Developmental Stages Basic Theory: Babies are born with some basic capabilities and distinct temperaments. But they go through dramatic changes on the way to adulthood and old age. According to psychologist Erik H. Erikson, each individual passes through eight developmental stages. To be continued on the next page.

13. BTLEW Lesson 1 – Your College Years III.Erickson’s Theory of Developmental Stages Each developmental stage is characterized by a different psychological "crisis", which must be resolved by the individual before the individual can move on to the next stage. If the person copes with a particular crisis in a maladaptive manner, the outcome will be more struggles with that issue later in life. To Erikson, the sequence of the stages are set by nature. It is within the set limits that nurture works its ways. To be continued on the next page.

14. BTLEW Lesson 1 – Your College Years III.Erickson’s Theory of Developmental Stages To be continued on the next page. Stage 1: Infant Trust vs Mistrust Needs maximum comfort with minimal uncertainty to trust himself/herself, others, and the environment. Stage 2: Toddler Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt Works to master physical environment while maintaining self-esteem.

15. BTLEW Lesson 1 – Your College Years III.Erickson’s Theory of Developmental Stages To be continued on the next page. Stage 3: Preschooler Initiative vs Guilt Begins to initiate, not imitate, activities; develops conscience and sexual identity. Stage 4: School-age Child Industry vs Inferiority Tries to develop a sense of self-worth by refining skills.

16. BTLEW Lesson 1 – Your College Years III.Erickson’s Theory of Developmental Stages To be continued on the next page. Stage 5: Adolescent Identity vs Role Confusion Tries integrating many roles (child, sibling, student, athlete, worker) into a self-image under role model and peer pressure. Stage 6: Young Adult Intimacy vs Isolation Learns to make personal commitment to another as spouse, parent or partner.

17. BTLEW Lesson 1 – Your College Years III.Erickson’s Theory of Developmental Stages Stage 7: Middle-Age Adult Generativity vs Stagnation Seeks satisfaction through productivity in career, family, and civic interests. Stage 8: Older Adult Integrity vs Despair Reviews life accomplishments, deals with loss and prepares for death. The end of the theory.

18. BTLEW Part three Text Appreciation I.Text Analysis 1. ThemeTheme 2. StructureStructure 3. Further discussionFurther discussion II.Writing Devices 1.AntithesisAntithesis 2.Developing paragraphs by examplesDeveloping paragraphs by examples III.Sentence ParaphraseSentence Paraphrase Lesson 1 – Your College Years

19. BTLEW I.Text Analysis College is designed to be a time of changes for students. Threatening the changes may be, they contribute to young adults’ growth and maturity. College students are experiencing a lot. Not only are they being introduced to new people and new knowledge, but they are also acquiring new ways of assembling and processing information. They are also proudly growing in their understanding of themselves, others and the world. Theme of the text The end of Theme. Lesson 1 – Your College Years

20. BTLEW Part 1 (para. 1): Part 2 (paras. ): Part 3 (para. ): I.Text Analysis Structure of the text 2－92－9 10 Many key changes happen to college students during their college years. The key changes involve the following: identity crisis, the independence/dependence struggle, establishment of sexual identity, affection giving and receiving, internalization of religious faith, values and morals, development of new ways to organize and use knowledge, a new understanding of the world and himself/herself. Conclusion. The end of Structure. Lesson 1 – Your College Years

21. BTLEW I.Text Analysis Mentioned in Para. 2 To be continued on the next page.  Question: How do college students go through an identity crisis at college? What factors may influence identity? Students endeavor to find out who they are and what their strengths and weaknesses are. They want to know how other people perceive themselves as well. Identity may be influenced by genes, environment and opportunities. Lesson 1 – Your College Years

22. BTLEW In fact, it may be heightened by their choice to pursue a college education. I.Text Analysis  To be continued on the next page. Question: What does “it” refer to here? In Para. 3 For Reference Lesson 1 – Your College Years

23. BTLEW I.Text Analysis  To be continued on the next page. For reference: “it” refers to the independence/dependence struggle. Into the later adolescence stage, young adults tend to become less dependent on, even independent from their parents. For those who choose to enter the work world, they may become financially independent from their parents, while for others entering into college, the struggle seems stronger for they still need their parents’ support, say for money. Lesson 1 – Your College Years

24. BTLEW I.Text Analysis Question: According to Jeffery A. Hoffman’s observation, there are four distinct aspects to psychological separation from one’s parents. What are they? How do you understand them? 1. Functional independence. 2. Attitudinal independence. 3. Emotional independence. 4. Freedom from “excessive guilt, anxiety, mistrust, responsibility, inhibition, resentment, and anger in relation to the mother and father.”  To be continued on the next page. In Para. 4 Lesson 1 – Your College Years

25. BTLEW I.Text Analysis Question: What may be one of the most stressful matters college students experience according to the author? How do you understand it? Establishing their sexual identity. It includes relating to the opposite sex and projecting their future roles as men or women. To be continued on the next page.  In Para. 5 Lesson 1 – Your College Years

26. BTLEW Question: What are the differences between the ways “I” related to “my” father in the past and at present? What type of change does the example reflect? I.Text Analysis  In the past “I” was encouraged by “my” father; now “I” was encouraging him. The example reflects the change that college students are learning how to give and receive affection in the adult world. To be continued on the next page. I was relating to my father in a different way. In Para. 6 Lesson 1 – Your College Years

27. BTLEW I.Text Analysis Question: What makes it possible for these values to last a lifetime?  During college years, the young adults have the opportunity to decide for themselves what beliefs, values, and morals they are going to accept. These values are inclined to be internalized. To be continued on the next page. These religious, moral, and ethical values that are set during the college years often last a lifetime. In Para. 7 Lesson 1 – Your College Years

28. BTLEW I.Text Analysis Question: What is the significance of the college academic life according to paragraph 8? College academic life is a challenge. All students should be aware of how they react to new knowledge and new ways of learning, how they process the knowledge presented to them, and how they organize this knowledge.  Lesson 1 – Your College Years

29. BTLEW I.Text Analysis Question: How do college students become world citizens?  At college, the young adults have good chances to meet people from different cultures. By interacting with them, they are introduced to new ways of life. They begin to understand life in different ways. By doing these, they experience a new understanding of the world and themselves. in Para. 9 Lesson 1 – Your College Years

30. BTLEW What does the author mean by developmental changes? Have you had any identity crisis yourself? What does the author mean by independence/ dependence struggle? How can college students establish their sexual identity? What does the author mean by “internalizing” religious faith, values, and morals? What does the author mean when he talks about “gathering, processing, assembling, applying, and evaluating” information? Why is this point so important? I.Text Analysis Further discussion about the article The end of Further discussion. Lesson 1 – Your College Years

31. BTLEW These are exciting times yet frustrating times. (5) II.Writing Devices The author uses antithesis to give a focus to how college students are stressful in establishing their sexual identity. Antithesis To be continued on the next page. Find more examples in paragraph 5. More examples Lesson 1 – Your College Years

32. BTLEW II.Writing Devices Probably nothing can make students feel lower or higher emotionally than the way they are relating to whomever they are having a romantic relationship with. (5) … he bounced into my office once with a smile on his face and excitement in his voice. … That same young man came into my office less than a week later, dragging his feet with a dismayed, dejected look on his face. … sighed deeply… (5) “I’ve just had the best day of my life!” … “I’ve just had the worst day of my life!” Antithesis: more examples The end of Antithesis. Lesson 1 – Your College Years

33. BTLEW II.Writing Devices A statement which is very general is seldom impressive or convincing. It is usually necessary to give examples to prove, illustrate, or clarify a general statement. We may be too used to saying “for instance” or “for example” to realize that we are using a certain method for developing a topic. Developing paragraphs by examples To be continued on the next page. Find examples in the text! For Reference Lesson 1 – Your College Years

34. BTLEW II.Writing Devices To be continued on the next page. What statements do the examples respectively support? Developing paragraphs by examples Paragraph 6 Paragraph 7 Paragraph 8 Paragraph 9 Do you know other ways of developing paragraphs? For Reference Lesson 1 – Your College Years

35. BTLEW II.Writing Devices Developing by time Developing by process Developing by space Developing by detail Developing by generalization Developing by comparison and contrast Developing by cause and effect Developing by classification Developing by definition … The end of Writing Devices. Developing paragraphs by examples Lesson 1 – Your College Years

36. BTLEW III.Sentence Paraphrase 1 Has it ever dawned on you that certain developmental changes will occur in your life as you move from adolescence to young adulthood? (1) “it” as the anticipatory go to 2 subject psychological term which refers to the physiological and behavioral changes throughout the lifespan More examples Lesson 1 – Your College Years To be continued on the next page.

37. BTLEW III.Sentence Paraphrase 1. It was clear enough what she meant. 2. It is said that he is doing fine at school. 3. He was an old man, and it did not matter much where he lived. back to 1 Lesson 1 – Your College Years

38. BTLEW III.Sentence Paraphrase 2 During this time, students are going through an identity crisis and are endeavoring to find out who they are and what their strengths and weaknesses are. (2) It refers to the difficulties, confusions and anxieties that you go through during adolescence when you are not sure who you really are and what your purpose in life is. experiencing; undergoing; suffering go to 3 Lesson 1 – Your College Years

39. BTLEW III.Sentence Paraphrase 3 … identity is determined by genetic endowment (what is inherited from parents), shaped by environment, and influenced by chance events. (2) Who we are is determined by three things: first, our genes, or what our parents have given us, our legacy; second, environment; third, luck or opportunities. accidental go to 4 Lesson 1 – Your College Years

40. BTLEW III.Sentence Paraphrase 4 It may be heightened by their choice to pursue a college education. (3) independence /dependence struggle become stronger or intensified If they choose to continue their education, they will face an even more serious struggle between the desire to be independent and the need to depend on the financial support of their parents. go to 5 Lesson 1 – Your College Years

41. BTLEW III.Sentence Paraphrase 5 First, there is functional independence, which involves the capability of individuals to take care of practical and personal affairs, such as handling finances, choosing their own wardrobes, and determining their daily agenda. (4) choosing their own clothes determining what they are going to do every day independence in handling everyday life situations; the ability to solve practical problems go to 6 Lesson 1 – Your College Years

42. BTLEW III.Sentence Paraphrase 6 Hoffman defines this process as “freedom from an excessive need for approval, closeness, togetherness, and emotional support in relation to the mother and father.” (4) Children need their parents to tell them what to do or not to do. They also need to be close to their parents and receive encouragement, love, all kinds of emotional support which give them strength. But when they grow up, they no longer have the same needs like babies. no longer having something you do not want go to 7 Lesson 1 – Your College Years

43. BTLEW III.Sentence Paraphrase 7 Probably one of the most stressful matters for young college students is establishing their sexual identity, which includes relating to the opposite sex and projecting their future roles as men or women. (5) planning, designing, outlining, devising gerund as predicative go to 8 More examples Lesson 1 – Your College Years To be continued on the next page.

44. BTLEW III.Sentence Paraphrase 1.The main thing is getting there in time. 2.What he likes is playing chess after supper. 3.Reading is learning, but applying is also learning and the more important kind of learning at that. back to 7 Lesson 1 – Your College Years

45. BTLEW III.Sentence Paraphrase 8 Probably nothing can make students feel lower or higher emotionally than the way they are relating to whomever they are having a romantic relationship with. (5) When students are in a romantic relationship with the opposite sex, they are most likely to feel unhappy or happy emotionally. go to 9 Comparative degree is used to express superlative meaning. objective clause More examples Lesson 1 – Your College Years To be continued on the next page.

46. BTLEW III.Sentence Paraphrase 1. I cannot agree with you more. 2. There is nothing cheaper. 3. No leader of a party has kept himself in greater detachment from the sentiment of his than has the late Prime Minister. back to 8 Lesson 1 – Your College Years

47. BTLEW III.Sentence Paraphrase 9 During the course I had come to realize that while my world was expanding and new options were opening for me, my father, who was in his sixties, was seeing his world shrink and his options narrow. (6) was beginning to realize that his world was getting smaller and his choices fewer go to 10 Lesson 1 – Your College Years

48. BTLEW III.Sentence Paraphrase 10 In the late sixties, a young woman from a background that was extremely prejudiced against people from other races came to college convinced that her race was superior. (7) objective clause past participle as adverbial go to 11 More examples Lesson 1 – Your College Years To be continued on the next page.

49. BTLEW III.Sentence Paraphrase 1. Trains in this country spend too much time stopped, waiting for other trains. 2. He went back to his home village frustrated. 3. Born and bred in the countryside, he was bewildered by the big city. back to 10 Lesson 1 – Your College Years

50. BTLEW III.Sentence Paraphrase 11 These religious, moral, and ethical values that are set during the college years often last a lifetime. (7) These values that are established during the college years often last a lifetime. It is believed that our character or basic moral principles are formulated during this period of time. go to 12 Lesson 1 – Your College Years

51. BTLEW III.Sentence Paraphrase 12 I can no longer read the newspaper or watch a television newscast without seeing the people from other countries in a different light. (9) in a different way go to 13 Whenever I read the newspaper or watch a television newscast, I will see the people from other countries in a different way from what I used to see. Lesson 1 – Your College Years

52. BTLEW III.Sentence Paraphrase 13 Not only are they being introduced to new people and new knowledge, but they are also acquiring new ways of assembling and processing information. (10) They are getting to know a lot of new people and learning new knowledge. They are also finding or learning new ways of arranging, organizing, analyzing or understanding information. It implies that mere information is not scientific truth. Scientific truth requires the processing of information. In college, students will learn new approaches, methods, and theories which will change many of their prejudices. The end of Sentence Paraphrase. Lesson 1 – Your College Years

53. BTLEW Part Four Detailed Study 1.affirm v. to declare (usually again) positively; strengthen beliefs, ideas, or feelings Examples: affirm one’s judgment/innocence affirm sth. to sb. affirm that it is true affirmative a. affirmative reply/nod/reaction

54. BTLEW 2. capability n. the natural ability, skill, or power that makes you able to do sth. Examples: He has the capabilities of solving/to solve practical problems. It’s quite above his capabilities

55. BTLEW ability: the power to do sth. well, acquired naturally or by learning capacity 容量；能力，接受力 (ability to hold, contain, or learn) faculty 才能，本领 (a special ability) He has the ability to do the work, but he’s too lazy and won’t do it. The book is within the reading capacity of young readers. The auditorium （礼堂，会堂） has a seating capacity of 300 people. He has a faculty for painting.

56. BTLEW 3. contribute v. a. to join with others in giving help, money, etc. 捐款；作贡献 b. to help to cause or produce 出力，起作用 Examples: contribute food and clothing for the refugees contribute to the London magzine 投稿 Exercises contribute to one’s health. 有益于 Drinking contributed to his ruin. 起作用

57. BTLEW distribute v. to give things to a large number of people; spread sth. over an area distribute pictures among children distribute magazines to subscribers distribute manure over a field attribute n. a quality or feature of sb./sth. v. to say or believe that sth. is the result of a particular thing Politeness is an attribute of a gentleman. He attributes his success to hard work.

58. BTLEW 4. distinct a. a. clearly different or belonging to a different type b. easily seen, understood; plain Examples: Silk is distinct from rayon （人造丝）. They are similar in form but distinct in kind. There is a distinct improvement in his pronunciation. He is at a distinct advantage in the competition. Cf. distinctive a. serving to mark a difference or make distinct Example: Soldiers wear a distinctive uniform.

59. BTLEW 5. ethical an ethical principle an ethical basis for education cf. ethnic a. of race or the races of mankind b. (colloq.) of a particular cultural group ethnic clothes/food/music/restaurants

60. BTLEW 6. drag one’s feet: v. (figurative usage) to delay deliberately Examples: The local authorities are dragging their feet closing these coal mines. I can understand why they are dragging their feet over this reform. The reason is that it will affect their personal interests.

61. BTLEW 7. go through 1) to be passed or approved The Bill did not go through. 2)to be concluded The deal did not go through. 3) to discuss in detail Let’s go through the arguments again. 4) to search The police went through the pockets of the suspected thief.

62. BTLEW 5) to complete Let’s go through the exercises. 6) to undergo; suffer He seemed to have forgotten all that he had gone through. 7) to consume; use up It did not take Albert very long to go through his inheritance. 8) to continue firmly to the end Knowing full well the difficulties the work involved, they were still determined to go through with it.

63. BTLEW cf. pull through 1) to make sth. or sb. through by pulling The eye of the needle is too small and I can’t pull the thread through. 2) to survive a difficult or dangerous situation That newly liberated country is going to have a rough time, but it will pull through. 3) to recover or help to recover from illness He was badly injured in the accident, but the doctors made every effort to pull him through.

64. BTLEW Part Five Text Extension Topics for debating: College students are bound to experience an identity crisis. –Parents are out-of-date and their influence is counterproductive. –Falling in love in college is a negative factor to one’s academic development.

65. BTLEW The end