1. To Kill A Mockingbird Chapter 13-16 Notes

2. Characterization: Atticus vs. Alexandra Atticus Left Finch’s Landing to become a lawyer Concerned with individual identity (esp. of his kids) Is open about uncomfortable subjects (race, prejudice) Does not look down on black people Allows Scout to be herself. Does not force stereotypes of women on her Alexandra Stayed on Finch’s Landing Concerned with Family identity (what it means to be a Finch) Thinks some things should not be discussed in front of children and black people Sees people of color as children who need to be looked after Imposes female stereotypes on Scout

3. Chapter 13 Theme: Growing up – Calpurnia Calls Jem “Mister Jem.” This angers Scout. Again, Jem is leaving her behind.

4. Chapter 14 Symbolism – Mockingbird = victim – Dill Ignored by family Outsider in Maycomb Only the Finches avoid the sin of killing the best in Dill

5. Chapter 14 (continued) Themes: Loss of Innocence/ Growing Up – Jem breaks the final code of childhood when he “rats” on Dill – Jem is now leaving Dill behind, as well as Scout

6. Chapter 15 1 st Mob Confrontation At night Atticus is unarmed At Finch home Children hide in the dark Diffused by Jem Atticus sees it as harmless – Reminds Jem that these are townsfolk and friends 2 nd Mob Confrontation At night Atticus is unarmed At jailhouse Children come out into the light to confront the mob Diffused by Scout Atticus knows he has dangerous enemies

7. Chapter 15 (continued) Theme: Fear of Unknown – The Ku Klux Klan Feared because of their anonymity (under hoods) Strength in numbers Sam Levy is not afraid because he breaks their anonymity – The Mob at the Jail They lose their power when Scout – Breaks the anonymity by speaking directly to Walter Cunningham – Singles out Walter as an individual Scout becomes the protector when Jem (and Atticus) are threatened (growing up) Symbolism: – Light = knowledge, enlightenment – Atticus is sitting under the lightbulb. – The mob stands in the dark.

8. Southern Womanhood A stereotype – Pure Sacred duty to protect purity Worth any sacrifice – Represents motherhood, grace, home, family, nurturing, and good manners (upbringing) Everything a person holds dear – On a pedestal To be protected by sons (and all men) The very suggestion that a black man raped a Southern woman is grounds for lynching in the mind of the traditional southern gentleman Atticus must fight this stereotype

9. Chapter 16 White Landowning Men White Women Poor White Trash People of ColorChildren White Laborers White Professionals Southern Caste System

10. Chapter 16 (continued) Us vs. Them – Maycomb is divided racially and socially – Dolphus Raymond blurs the racial line by having “mixed” children His taboo lifestyle is explained away by his drunkeness – Aunt Alexandra tells Atticus not to talk that way “in front of them.” Meaning black people To her Calpurnia represents all of black society

11. Chapter 16 (continued) Literary Traditions: Blind Seer – Atticus’ vision is impaired, but he has great insight – Everyone else has perfect vision, but is blind to the truth Setting: Courtroom – Roman Carnival atmosphere – Thrill-seekers gathering for the pleasure of seeing a man on trial for his life