1. FRP Composites in Civil Engineering: Chinese Research and International Cooperation
Jin-Guang Teng
Professor
Department of Civil and Structural Engineering
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Hong Kong, China

2. OUTLINE OF THE PRESENTATION
Overview of activities in China
Recent research at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
International Institute for FRP in Construction

3. HISTORY OF RESEARCH ON FRP IN CONSTRUCTION IN CHINA
Research on FRP in China can be traced back to the end of 1950s
In 1982, a GFRP bridge was built
Systematic research started in 1997

4. AREAS ADDRESSED BY CHINESE RESEARCH
Strengthening of RC structures
Strengthening of other types of structures
All FRP and hybrid FRP structures
Codes and guidelines
Practical applications

5. MAINLAND INSTITUTIONS WITH FRP RESEARCH
Tsinghua University, Beijing
National Engineering Technique Research Center of Industrial Buildings (NERC)
Southeast University, Nanjing
Tongji University, Shanghai
Shanghai Construction Institute
Tianjin University, Tianjin
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou
Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin
South China University of Technology, Guangzhou

6. SOURCES OF FUNDING
National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 program)
National Natural Science Foundation of China,
e.g. The National Key Project on “Fundamental study on the application of FRP composites in civil infrastructure” awarded to Tsinghua University, NERC, Southeast University and The HK PolyU
Provincial level support
Industrial support

7. FRP COMMITTEE ACTIVITIES
In June 2000, the Fiber Reinforced Plastics & Engineering Application Committee of the China Civil Engineering Society was founded.
Three national conferences on Applications of FRP in Civil Engineering in China were held in June 2000, July 2002 and October 2004.
Two FRP committee conferences on Applications of FRP in Civil Engineering in China were held in 2001 and 2003.

8. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS
Flexural Strengthening of a highway RC bridge slab
Flexural Strengthening of a two-way slab in a building
Strengthening of a water pumping station
Strengthening a circular column

9. GROWTH IN THE USE OF FRP SHEETS
Year
Usage of FRP (1,000 m2)
1998 1
1999 10
2000 42
2001
120
2002
200
2003
600
The 2004 usage is estimated to be around 1 million m2.

10. GROWTH IN RESEARCH
Number of papers published in Chinese journals each year

11. GFRP BRIDGES
7 GFRP footbridges were built in Sichuan from 1986 to 1993

12. FRP BRIDGE DECKS
Using outside filament winding to reduce the effect of
delamination and local buckling FD
FDW

13. FRP WOVEN WEB STRUCTURE

14. CODES OF PRACTICE Title of Document Scope of application Coordinator
Technical Specification for Strengthening Concrete Structures with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer
Design methods for flexural, shear and seismic strengthening
NERC
Specification of Carbon Fiber Polymer used for Construction Strengthening
Production and quality control of laminated CFRP
Specification of Adhesives used for Construction Strengthening
Production and quality control of adhesives

15. NATIONAL STANDARD
A national standard for the use of FRP composites in construction has been under development since The code will cover:
FRP materials
Strengthening of RC structures
Strengthening of masonry structures
Strengthening of steel structures
Concrete beams reinforced with FRP bars and prestressed with FRP strands
FRP and FRP-concrete composite structures

16. RESEARCH IN HONG KONG
Research is being undertaken at all four universities with a civil engineering department or a construction department:
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
University of Hong Kong
City University of Hong Kong
Most of the research has been undertaken at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

17. RESEARCH AT THE HONG KONG POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY
Previous research
Current research

18. PREVIOUS WORK
Previous work at the PolyU has addressed the following aspects:
FRP-to-concrete bond strength
Flexurally strengthened RC beams and slabs
Shear strengthened RC beams
Interfacial debonding
Strengthening of RC columns by FRP confinement

19. OUTCOME OF PREVIOUS WORK

20. CURRENT PROJECTS Hong Kong Research Grants Council The University
National Science Foundation of China
RC beams strengthened with near-surface mounted FRP, around HK$630,000
Shear Behavior and Strength of RC Beams Strengthened with FRP, HK$1,010,387
Stress-Strain Behaviour of FRP-Confined Concrete, HK$754,4
Strengthening of Square and Rectangular RC Columns using FRP Composites, HK$ 451,790
Enhancement of Seismic Resistance of RC Structures through the Use of FRP Composites, HK$1,450,119
Innovative Hybrid FRP Columns, HK$330,000
FRP Composites with Intelligent Sensors for Applications in the Civil Infrastructure, HK$250,000
Fundamental study on the application of FRP composites in civil infrastructure, National Key Project, RMB 1.7 million.
Innovative Large-Span Hybrid FRP Structures, National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars, RMB 400,000.

21. TYPICAL FAILURE OF FRP-CONFINED CONCRETE
GFRP-wrapped cylinder
CFRP-wrapped cylinder

22. STRESS-STRAIN MODELS Design-oriented models (closed-form expressions)
Analysis-oriented models (incremental iterative numerical procedures)

23. LAM AND TENG’S DESIGN-ORIENTED MODEL FOR FRP-CONFINED CONCRETE

24. COMPARISON WITH TEST DATA
Design-oriented models using test FRP hoop rupture strains
Efrp = 250 GPa
Eh, rup =
t = 0.33 mm
d = 152 mm
f’co = 35.9 mm

25. Unified lateral strain equation
DILATION PROPERTIES
Unified lateral strain equation

26. NEW ANALYSIS-ORIENTED MODEL
(Popovics 1973)
(Carreira and Chu 1985)
and :
peak axial stress and corresponding axial strain of concrete under a specific constant confining pressure
(Proposed)

27. NEW ANALYSIS-ORIENTED MODEL Generation of a stress-strain curve

28. COMPARISON WITH TEST DATA
Analysis-oriented models, GFRP-confined specimens
Efrp = 21.8 GPa
Eh, rup =
t = 0.33 mm
d = 152 mm
f’co = 38.5 mm

29. COMPARISON BETWEEN NEW MODEL AND TEST RESULTS OF STEEL-CONFINED CONCRETE
Analysis-oriented model of Huang et al. versus test results of Xiao et al.

30. FRP-CONFINED CONCRETE UNDER CYCLIC COMPRESSION
Prediction of the entire stress-strain history

31. NEW HYBRID FRP-CONCRETE-STEEL DOUBLE SKIN COLUMNS
FRP tube
Steel tube
Concrete
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Typical cross-section of the member

32. NEW HYBRID FRP-CONCRETE-STEEL DOUBLE SKIN COLUMNS

33. NEW HYBRID FRP-CONCRETE-STEEL DOUBLE SKIN COLUMNS
Axial compression test

34. NEW HYBRID FRP-CONCRETE-STEEL DOUBLE SKIN COLUMNS
Axial load-strain curves

35. NEW HYBRID FRP-CONCRETE-STEEL DOUBLE SKIN COLUMNS
FRP tube
Concrete
Steel tube
20mm
Cross-section of the beam

36. NEW HYBRID FRP-CONCRETE-STEEL DOUBLE SKIN BEAMS
Specimen without FRP after test

37. NEW HYBRID FRP-CONCRETE-STEEL DOUBLE SKIN BEAMS
Specimen with FRP after test

38. NEW HYBRID FRP-CONCRETE-STEEL DOUBLE SKIN BEAMS
Mid-span load-deflection curves

39. SET-UP FOR PULL TESTS

40. SIMULATION OF DEBONDING IN A PULL TEST

41. NEW BOND-SLIP MODELS

42. EQUATIONS OF THE SIMPLIFIED MODEL

43. STRAINS IN FRP SHEET: ALL BOND-SLIP MODELS
During propagation of debonding
Before debonding

44. INTERMEDIATE CRACK (IC) INDUCED DEBONDING IN A BEAM

45. FRP STRAIN AT IC DEBONDING

46. LENGTHS OF CRACK-SLIP ZONE AND SHEAR FORCE SLIP ZONE
Basically equals to the effective bond length Lee
Shear force slip zone
Equals to the distance from the loaded section to the end of cracked region or the plate end if the plate is terminated within the crack region

47. IC DEBONDING MOMENTS: COMPARISON WITH TEST RESULTS
A total of 73 beams

48. PLATE END DEBONDING IN A BEAM
Pure shear debonding
Pure flexural debonding
A new debonding strength model based on shear-bending interaction

49. NSMR – NEAR SURFACE MOUNTED REINFORCEMENT
Cut a groove
Fill halfway with adhesive
Place FRP into groove
Fill with more adhesive
Level the surface
concrete
groove
FRP bar
adhesive
FRP strip

50. BOND TESTS ON NSM FRP STRIPS
Bond length = 200mm
concrete tension-shear failure + concrete-adhesive interface failure

51. RC BEAM STRENGTHENED WITH NSM CFRP STRIPS

52. DETAILS OF THE BEAM

53. groove width*depth (mm)
TEST BEAMS
Specimen
Width*height (mm)
No. of strips
Bond length (mm)
groove width*depth (mm) B0
150*300 2
-----
8*22
B500
500
B1200
1200
B1800
1800
B2900
2900

54. LOAD-DEFLECTION CURVES

55. FAILURE MODE OF B500 concrete cover separation
Debonding at concrete-epoxy interface

56. FAILURE MODE OF B1200

57. FAILURE MODE OF B1800

58. FAILURE MODE OF B2900

59. AIXAL STRAIN IN FRP STRIP IN B1200

60. AXIAL STRAIN IN FRP STRIP IN B2900

61. PULTRUSION OF SMART FRP BARS

62. EMBEDMENT OF OPTIC FIBERS
Glass fiber

63. International Institute for FRP in Construction www.iifc-hq.org
The aim of the Institute is to advance the understanding and the application of fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites in the civil infrastructure, in the service of the engineering profession and society.

64. OBJECTIVES OF IIFC
Provide a focal point for international sharing of knowledge and experience;
Promote collaboration to maximize the benefit of the international research and development effort;
Foster international harmonization of design and application standards;
Further the acceptance of FRP composites by the engineering community and beyond as a major construction material; and
Advocate further innovations, particularly through the interfacing of FRP composites with other technologies such as intelligent sensing.

65. ACTIVITIES OF IIFC
Organization and sponsorship of international conferences, symposiums, workshops, short courses and seminars, including a biennial official conference;
Publication of the official newsletter, FRP International, and other relevant materials;
Establishment of Working Groups in selected areas to develop state-of-the-art reports and design recommendations;
Development of curriculums and course materials to meet educational needs at different levels; and
Other activities consistent with the aim and objectives of the Institute.

66. IIFC MEMBERSHIP Fellows Full Members Associate Members
Full Members shall have a serious interest in the field, support the aim and objectives of the Institute and hold at least an acceptable bachelor degree in structural, civil, mechanical or material engineering or a related discipline, or equivalent. Full Members are entitled to use the letters MIIFC after their names.
Associate Members
Collective Members

67. FOUNDING IIFC FELLOWS Belgium: L. Taerwe Canada: M. Erki A.A. Mufti
China:          Z.T. Lu           
Japan:          A. Machida
T. Uomoto      
Switzerland: U. Meier  
UK:             L.C. Hollaway,  
USA:           A. Nanni, S.H. Rizkalla

68. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF IIFC
Council
Executive Committee
Advisory Committee
Working Groups

69. ADVISORY COMMITTEE OF IIFC
L.C. Hollaway University of Surrey, UK
A. Machida Saitama University, Japan
U. Meier EMPA, Switzerland
A.A. Mufti University of Manitoba, Canada
Nanni University of Missouri-Rolla, USA
S.H. Rizkalla North Carolina State University, USA

70. COUNCIL OF IIFC AUSTRALIA Dr. D.J. Oehlers University of Adelaide
Professor G. Van Erp University of Southern Queensland
BELGIUM Professor L. Taerwe Ghent University
CANADA Dr. Baidar Bakht JMBT Structures Research Inc.
Professor N. Banthia University of British Columbia
Professor P. Labossiere University of Sherbrooke
Professor A. Mufti University of Manitoba
Professor K.W. Neale University of Sherbrooke
CHINA Professor Z.T. Lu Southeast University
Professor J.G. Teng The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Professor Q.R. Yue National Diagnosis and Rehabilitation of Industrial Building Research Centre
Professor L.P. Ye Tsinghua Univerrsity
FRANCE Professor P. Hamelin University of Lyon I
GREECE Professor T.C. Triantafillou University of Patras
ITALY Professor E. Cosenza University of Naples Federico II

71. COUNCIL OF IIFC
JAPAN Professor K. Maruyama Nagaoka University of Technology
Dr. T. Ueda Hokkaido University
Professor. Z.S. Wu Ibaraki University
Dr. H. Fukuyama Building Research Institute
SINGAPORE Dr. K.H. Tan National University of Singapore
SWEDEN Professor B. Taljsten Lulea University of Technology
SWITZERLAND Professor Thomas Keller Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
Professor U. Meier Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Research (EMPA)
USA Professor L.C. Bank University of Wisconsin–Madison
Professor V.M. Karbhari University of California at San Diego
Professor A. Mirmiran North Carolina State University
Professor A. Nanni University of Missouri-Rolla
Professor S.H. Rizkalla North Carolina State University
Professor F. Seible University of California at San Diego
Professor Issam E. Harik University of Kentucky
UK Dr. Jian-Fei Chen University of Nottingham
Professor L.C. Hollaway University of Surrey
Professor P. Waldron University of Sheffield

72. Development of IIFC Design Recommendations
WORKING GROUPS
The following working groups are being formed:
Bond between FRP and concrete
Seismic retrofit
Durability and service-life prediction
FRP bridge decks
Shear strengthening of RC beams
Hybrid construction with concrete
Ductility of FRP plated beams and structures
Development of IIFC Design Recommendations

73. THE IIFC OFFICIAL CONFERENCE
The Second International Conference on FRP Composites in Civil Engineering 8-10 December 2004, Adelaide, Australia
Keynote Lectures
L.C. Bank, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA Mechanically Fastened FRP (MF-FRP) - A Viable Alternative for Strengthening RC Members
L.C. Hollaway, University of Surrey, UK Strengths and Limitations of FRP in the Civil Infrastructure - Their Influence on Present and Future Developments
V.M. Karbhari, University of California - San Diego, USA Health Monitoring and Durability of FRP Composites in Bridge Renewal
A.A. Mufti, University of Manitoba, Canada Innovation in Structural Engineering using FRPs and FOSs: ISIS Canada's Experience
S.H. Rizkalla, North Carolina State University, USA FRP for Civil Infrastructure - World Perspective
J.G. Teng, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China Optimal Combination of FRP with Traditional Materials for Innovative Structures
T. Ueda, Hokkaido University, Japan Bond Behaviour of Externally Bonded FRP and its Effect on Strengthened Member Behaviour
P. Waldron, University of Sheffield, UK The use of FRP as Embedded Reinforcement in Concrete
Z.S. Wu, Ibaraki University, Japan Structural Strengthening and Integrity with Hybrid FRP Composites

74. THE IIFC BEST PAPER AWARDS
Best Research paper on FRP Strengthening, Repair or Retrofitting (includes structural, material, or implementation aspects)
Best Research Paper on FRP for New Structures (includes FRP reinforcements, stand-alone FRP structures or hybrids)
Best Application Paper for use of FRP materials in a completed engineering project (includes retrofit, new construction, or FRP monitoring system)
Best Paper on FRP by Young Authors (ALL paper authors must be under 35 by December 8, 2004)

75. THE IIFC JOURNAL
The IIFC will become a co-sponsor of the Journal of Composites for Construction, American Society of Civil Engineers in 2005

76. THE IIFC Newsletter FRP International Editor-In-Chief:
Professor V.M. Karbhari
University of California - San Diego, USA

77. Thank you!
Any questions?