1. Basic Microbiology Mrs. Dalia Kamal Eldien MSC in Microbiology Mrs. Dalia Kamal Eldien MSC in Microbiology Lecture NO: 1

2. Introduction What is Microbiology?  Microbiology is the study of microorganisms  Microorganisms are living things that are too small to be seen with the naked eye.  Must be examined by various types of microscope (objects less than about 1 mm)  Micro - too small to be seen with the naked eye  Bio – life  logy - study of Mrs.:Dalia Kamal Eldien MSC in microbiology

3. What are Microorganisms?  Also called as Microbes are minute living things, are usually too small to be seen with the unaided eye.  Microorganisms are found everywhere in the world, in all living things, plants, animal, and inside your body.  Microorganisms can live in the air, on land, and in fresh or salt water environments.  Some of them are pathogens, can be harmful and causes diseases, but majority of microorganisms beneficial for us

4. Benefits of micro organisms  Production of food e.g. cheese, yogurt, cake, bread …  Production of antibiotics e.g. penicillin, streptomycin  Play role in human body immunity, are part of normal human flora  Biotechnology techniques e.g. increase the soil fertility  Ecology : bacteria present in nature responsible for recycling of waste, They break down dead and dying organic materials (plants and animals) into nitrates, phosphates, and other chemicals necessary for the growth of plants

5. Example to some food use microorganism for their production

6. Question :  What are the harmful effects of microorganisms? Question :  What are the harmful effects of microorganisms?

7. 1.Pathogenic: microorganisms that have the ability to cause disease 2.Non-pathogenic: microorganisms that can not cause disease 3.Opportunistic: microorganisms that causing disease when they have an opportunity, like in people with low immune system Mrs.:Dalia Kamal Eldien MSC in microbiology Micro organisms

8. Types of Microorganisms  The Types of Microorganisms  Bacteria (singular, bacterium)  Viruses (singular, virus)  Fungi (singular, fungus)  Parasites (singular, parasite)  Algae

9. Disciplines of microbiology  So microbiology science can be classify to or divided into:  Bacteriology study of …….  Virology study of …….  Mycology study of …….  Parasitology study of …….  Phycology study of ……. Mrs.:Dalia Kamal Eldien MSC in microbiology

10. Question :  What are the microbes Cause Infectious Disease? Question :  What are the microbes Cause Infectious Disease?

11. Answer :  Four groups of microbes contain pathogens: bacteria, fungi, protozoa and the viruses.  Only the algae are lacking pathogens. Answer :  Four groups of microbes contain pathogens: bacteria, fungi, protozoa and the viruses.  Only the algae are lacking pathogens.

12.  In biology, a cell is defined as the fundamental unit of any living organism because, the cell exhibits the basic characteristics of life  All living cells are classified into Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells, based on their structural and functional characteristics. Mrs.:Dalia Kamal Eldien MSC in microbiology

13. Prokaryotic Bacteria Blue green algae Eukaryotic Fungi Protozoa, Other algae, Plants Animals

14. Main differences between microorganisms CriterionVirusesBacteriaFungiProtozoa Cell typeNOprokaryoteEukaryote Cell wallNOyes NO size20-400 nm 1-2 (10) μm5-10 μm50-300 μm Note:-Viruses -Non-cellular elements that do not fit into any organizational scheme of living cells. (will be discussed later) Mrs.:Dalia Kamal Eldien MSC in microbiology

15. Differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell EukaryoticProkaryotic Nucleus:PresentAbsent Number of chromosomes: More than oneOne-but not true chromosome is Plasmids Cell Type: MulticellularUnicellular True Membrane bound Nucleus: PresentAbsent Lysosomes and peroxisomes: PresentAbsent Cell size:10-100um1-10um

16. Differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells Endoplasmic reticulum: PresentAbsent Mitochondria:PresentAbsent Ribosomes:Larger 80sSmaller 70s Golgi apparatus:PresentAbsent Cell divisionMitosis or meosisBinary fission Mrs.:Dalia Kamal Eldien MSC in microbiology

17. Differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells