1. SEARCHING AND GIVING MEANING CHAPTER SEVEN

2. SIGHT  EYE  OPTIC NERVE  BRAIN  SEARCH FOR CLUES OR INFORMATION ABOUT THE TRAFFIC SCENE AND SEND IMAGES TO THE BRAIN AND OPTIC NERVE  EYE  OPTIC NERVE  BRAIN  SEARCH FOR CLUES OR INFORMATION ABOUT THE TRAFFIC SCENE AND SEND IMAGES TO THE BRAIN AND OPTIC NERVE

3. MORE VISION  AT 30 MPH WITH 20/20, YOU CAN READ 6 IN. LETTERING FROM 180 TO 225 FT, 4-5 SECONDS AWAY  WITH 20/40 IT WOULD BE 90 TO 135 FT AND 2-3 SEC.  PUPIL, IRIS, RETINA  30 TO 40 NEW IMAGES ARE FLASHED TO THE BRAIN EVERY SECOND FROM THE OPTIC NERVE  AT 30 MPH WITH 20/20, YOU CAN READ 6 IN. LETTERING FROM 180 TO 225 FT, 4-5 SECONDS AWAY  WITH 20/40 IT WOULD BE 90 TO 135 FT AND 2-3 SEC.  PUPIL, IRIS, RETINA  30 TO 40 NEW IMAGES ARE FLASHED TO THE BRAIN EVERY SECOND FROM THE OPTIC NERVE

4. NECESSARY VISUAL ABILITIES  VISUAL ACUITY: HOW WELL YOU SEE  DISTANCE VISION: CAN BE AFFECTED BY CONDITION OF GLASSES, WINDSHIELD  DEPTH PERCEPTION:ABILITY TO JUDGE DISTANCE  CENTRAL VISION:HELPS FOCUS ON AN OBJECT  PERIPHERAL (FRINGE): SEEING TO THE SIDES. 88.5° TO EACH SIDE IS NORMAL.  VISUAL ACUITY: HOW WELL YOU SEE  DISTANCE VISION: CAN BE AFFECTED BY CONDITION OF GLASSES, WINDSHIELD  DEPTH PERCEPTION:ABILITY TO JUDGE DISTANCE  CENTRAL VISION:HELPS FOCUS ON AN OBJECT  PERIPHERAL (FRINGE): SEEING TO THE SIDES. 88.5° TO EACH SIDE IS NORMAL.

5. OTHER PARTS OF VISION  COLOR VISION:IMPORTANT IN RECOGNIZING SIGNS AND SIGNALS. RED AND GREEN BIGGEST PROBLEM. AVOID BLUE SUNGLASSES  NIGHT VISION:SEEING IN LOW AND VARIABLE AMOUNTS OF LIGHT. EYES ADDAPT SLOWER AT NIGHT  GLARE VISION:SEEING WHEN THERE IS A RAPID INCREASE IN LIGHT. WEAR SUNGLASSES. TAKES UP TO 5 SEC. TO RECOVER. SWITCH TO LOW BEAMS AT 500 FT.  COLOR VISION:IMPORTANT IN RECOGNIZING SIGNS AND SIGNALS. RED AND GREEN BIGGEST PROBLEM. AVOID BLUE SUNGLASSES  NIGHT VISION:SEEING IN LOW AND VARIABLE AMOUNTS OF LIGHT. EYES ADDAPT SLOWER AT NIGHT  GLARE VISION:SEEING WHEN THERE IS A RAPID INCREASE IN LIGHT. WEAR SUNGLASSES. TAKES UP TO 5 SEC. TO RECOVER. SWITCH TO LOW BEAMS AT 500 FT.

6. WHY IS HEARING CRITICAL?  SOUND CAN ALERT YOU TO OTHERS  MOST PEOPLE DRIVE WITH WINDOWS CLOSED YEAR-ROUND. VISUAL ACUITY NEEDS TO BE SHARP.  BALANCE IS CONTROLLED BY INNER EAR.  KEEP HEAD UP AND EYES TO THE HORIZON  SOUND CAN ALERT YOU TO OTHERS  MOST PEOPLE DRIVE WITH WINDOWS CLOSED YEAR-ROUND. VISUAL ACUITY NEEDS TO BE SHARP.  BALANCE IS CONTROLLED BY INNER EAR.  KEEP HEAD UP AND EYES TO THE HORIZON

7. PITCH, ROLL, AND YAW  WHEN ACCELERATING, WEIGHT IS TRANSFERRED TOWARD REAR  WHEN BRAKING, THE OPPOSITE OCCURS  AS YOU TURN CORNERS, YOU FEEL THE CAR LEAN. SUDDEN STEERING CHANGES CAN ALSO CAUSE ROLL  YAW IS THE SPINNING ACTION OF A REAR TIRE SLIDING TOWARD FRONT TIRE. CAUSED BY SUDDEN STEERING, BRAKING, OR ROAD ELEVATION CHANGES.  WHEN ACCELERATING, WEIGHT IS TRANSFERRED TOWARD REAR  WHEN BRAKING, THE OPPOSITE OCCURS  AS YOU TURN CORNERS, YOU FEEL THE CAR LEAN. SUDDEN STEERING CHANGES CAN ALSO CAUSE ROLL  YAW IS THE SPINNING ACTION OF A REAR TIRE SLIDING TOWARD FRONT TIRE. CAUSED BY SUDDEN STEERING, BRAKING, OR ROAD ELEVATION CHANGES.

8. DRIVING IS AFFECTED BY TOUCH  YOUR WHOLE BODY IS IN CONTACT WITH THE VEHICLE  VIBATIONS CAN BE FELT  CAUSES OF VIBRATION:TIRES OUT OF BALANCE (NOTICEABLE BY 30 MPH)  IF VIBRATION IS IN STEERING WHELL, CHECK FRON TIRES.  IF VIBRATION IS IN SEAT, CHECK REAR WHEELS.  YOUR WHOLE BODY IS IN CONTACT WITH THE VEHICLE  VIBATIONS CAN BE FELT  CAUSES OF VIBRATION:TIRES OUT OF BALANCE (NOTICEABLE BY 30 MPH)  IF VIBRATION IS IN STEERING WHELL, CHECK FRON TIRES.  IF VIBRATION IS IN SEAT, CHECK REAR WHEELS.

9. SYSTEMATIC SENSING AND SCANNING  PROCESSING VISUAL INFORMATION QUICKLY AND ACCURATELY.  SEARCHING: FOCUSING AND LOOKING AT EVERYTHING IN DRIVING ENVIRONMENT.  SCANNING: PICKING UP INFO QUICKLY WITH GLANCES AND QUICK LOOKS  CHECK TRAVEL PATH, SCAN, SEARCH, LISTEN, CHECK MIRRORS AND INST. PANEL  PROCESSING VISUAL INFORMATION QUICKLY AND ACCURATELY.  SEARCHING: FOCUSING AND LOOKING AT EVERYTHING IN DRIVING ENVIRONMENT.  SCANNING: PICKING UP INFO QUICKLY WITH GLANCES AND QUICK LOOKS  CHECK TRAVEL PATH, SCAN, SEARCH, LISTEN, CHECK MIRRORS AND INST. PANEL

10. LOOKING AHEAD  LOOK 20-30 SECONDS AHEAD  LOOK FOR THINGS THAT COULD AFFECT YOUR DRIVING: OTHER VEHICLES, SIGNS, MARKINGS  KEEP EYES MOVING AND SCANNING  ANTICIPATE ACTIONS  WATCH FOR HAZARDS  LOOK TO YOUR SIDES  LOOK 20-30 SECONDS AHEAD  LOOK FOR THINGS THAT COULD AFFECT YOUR DRIVING: OTHER VEHICLES, SIGNS, MARKINGS  KEEP EYES MOVING AND SCANNING  ANTICIPATE ACTIONS  WATCH FOR HAZARDS  LOOK TO YOUR SIDES

11. INTERSECTIONS  ONE LINE OF TRAFFIC MEETS ANOTHER  CROSS STREETS, SIDE STREETS, ALLEYS  FREEWAY ENTRANCES  RAILROAD CROSSINGS  HAVE A GOOD VIEW  LOOK BOTH WAYS  DON’T RELY ON SIGNALS AND SIGNS  ONE LINE OF TRAFFIC MEETS ANOTHER  CROSS STREETS, SIDE STREETS, ALLEYS  FREEWAY ENTRANCES  RAILROAD CROSSINGS  HAVE A GOOD VIEW  LOOK BOTH WAYS  DON’T RELY ON SIGNALS AND SIGNS

12. CROSSWALKS  AT EVERY INTERSECTION WHERE STREETS AND SIDEWALKS MEET  AREAS FOR PEDESTRIANS TO CROSS  MOST ARE AT INTERSECTIONS, BUT MAY BE ELSEWHERE  MAY HAVING FLASHING SIGNALS  DON’T TRUST PEDESTRIANS TO DO THE RIGHT THING!  AT EVERY INTERSECTION WHERE STREETS AND SIDEWALKS MEET  AREAS FOR PEDESTRIANS TO CROSS  MOST ARE AT INTERSECTIONS, BUT MAY BE ELSEWHERE  MAY HAVING FLASHING SIGNALS  DON’T TRUST PEDESTRIANS TO DO THE RIGHT THING!

13. PLACES TO BE AWARE OF  RAILROAD CROSSINGS  SHOPPING CENTERS  PARKING LOTS  SIDEWALKS  PLAYGROUNDS  VEHICLES PARKED OLONG ROADWAY  RAILROAD CROSSINGS  SHOPPING CENTERS  PARKING LOTS  SIDEWALKS  PLAYGROUNDS  VEHICLES PARKED OLONG ROADWAY

14. LOOKING BEHIND  CHECK WHEN STOPPED FOR TRAFFIC COMING UP BEHIND YOU  CHECK BEFORE DRIVING DOWN A LONG, STEEP HILL  CHECK BEFORE CHANGING LANES  CHECK WHEN BACKING UP  CHECK WHEN STOPPED FOR TRAFFIC COMING UP BEHIND YOU  CHECK BEFORE DRIVING DOWN A LONG, STEEP HILL  CHECK BEFORE CHANGING LANES  CHECK WHEN BACKING UP

15. GIVING MEANING  MENTAL PROCESS THAT HAS TO DO WITH UNDERSTANDING WHAT YOU PERCEIVE  AS YOU OBTAIN INFORMATION YOU WILL NEED TO GIVE MEANING TO IT  BE ALERT  TAKE AS SHORT AMOUNT OF TIME AS POSSIBLE  WHAT ARE YOUR EXPECTATIONS?  AIDED BY EXPERIENCE  MENTAL PROCESS THAT HAS TO DO WITH UNDERSTANDING WHAT YOU PERCEIVE  AS YOU OBTAIN INFORMATION YOU WILL NEED TO GIVE MEANING TO IT  BE ALERT  TAKE AS SHORT AMOUNT OF TIME AS POSSIBLE  WHAT ARE YOUR EXPECTATIONS?  AIDED BY EXPERIENCE

16. ATTENTION LEVELS  EASY NOT TO PAY ATTENTION WHEN IN A FAMILIAR AREA  BE ABLE TO RECOGNIZE TRAFFIC CONFLICTS  MIGHT TRY COMMENTARY DRIVING: SAYING ALOUD WHAT YOU ARE SENSING WHILE DRIVING  EASY NOT TO PAY ATTENTION WHEN IN A FAMILIAR AREA  BE ABLE TO RECOGNIZE TRAFFIC CONFLICTS  MIGHT TRY COMMENTARY DRIVING: SAYING ALOUD WHAT YOU ARE SENSING WHILE DRIVING