1. Islamic Civilization

2. Muslims conquered from India to Spain.

3. I. Islamic Civilization begins Islamic civilization started with nomadic traders who lived and traveled throughout the deserts of the Arabian Peninsula in the early 7th century A.D.

4. II. Muhammad Islamic civilization is based upon the teachings of the religion of Islam and its prophet Muhammad, which are found in the Quran (Koran).

5. III. The 5 Pillars The foundation of Islam is the five pillars of faith: –(1) belief in one God, Allah, and that Muhammad is His prophet – (2) prayer five times a day –(3) a pilgrimage to the holiest city, Mecca, at least once in a lifetime – (4) fast during the holy month of Ramadan –(5) give to the poor

6. IV. Islam is Life –Believers in Islam, known as Muslims, accept the teachings of the Quran in every aspect of their lives; there is no separation of church and state. –The laws of the government come from the teachings of the religion.

7. Islam’s Two Groups: Sunni’s and Shiites

8. I. Islam Splits The split between the two main branches of Islam is nearly 1,400 years old. It started with a fight over who should lead the faithful after the prophet Muhammad's death in 632.

9. II. Who Should Lead? One side believed that direct descendants of the prophet should lead the world's Muslims. They were known as the Shiat-Ali, or "followers of Ali," after the prophet's cousin and son-in-law Ali. In time, they came simply to be known as Shiites.

10. II. Who Should Lead? The other side, the Sunnis, thought that any worthy man could lead the faithful, regardless of who he was related to. They favored Abu Bakr, an early convert to Islam who had married into Muhammad's family. "Sunni" comes from the Arab word for "followers."

11. III. Sunni’s Win The Shiites were the eventual losers in a violent struggle. Today they are the minority of Muslims.

12. Muslim Contributions to the World

13. Science Muslims were the 1 st people to perform eye surgery!! Muslims discovered blood circulates (moves) throughout the body. Muslims understood that diseases were contagious (unlike Europeans- Black Death)

14. Astronomy Created the astrolabe which used the stars to help ships find their way at sea. Muslims were some of the 1 st people to believe that the earth moved around the sun.

15. Mathematics Helped to create algebra which is useful in solving problems. (a + 5 = 10) Muslims created the basis for our numbering system, based on the number 10.