1. Internal transport in the Cnidarian Aurelia

2. Open and Closed Circulatory Systems

3. The Mammalian Heart: A Closer Look

4. The Heart Cardiac muscle Atria have thin walls Ventricles have thick and powerful walls Systole = ventricular contraction blood is pumped Diastole = ventricular filling

5. Lub dub = heart sounds opening and closing of the valves –Lub = contraction of ventricles (AV closing) –Dub = blood recoiling against SL valves Heart murmur = valve defect

6. Generalized Circulatory Schemes of Vertebrates

7. The Mammalian Cardiovascular System: An Overview

8. The Cardiac Cycle

9. The Control of Heart Rhythm

10. The Structure of Blood Vessels

11. Blood Pressure The force that blood exerts against vessel walls BP is greater in arteries than veins Pulse is measure of BP Exact BP is measured as systolic/diastolic pressures Constricted blood vessels have higher BP than dilated vessels In veins heart has little effect on BP

12. Measurement of Blood Pressure

13. The Interrelationship of Blood Flow Velocity, Cross-Sectional Area of Blood Vessels, and Blood Pressure

14. Blood Flow in Capillary Beds The thoroughfare channels remain open whether or not the sphincter muscles are contracted or relaxed

15. The Movement of Fluid Between Capillaries and the Interstitial Fluid fluid moves out of capillary fluid moves into capillary

16. Dissociation Curve – shows how much oxygen is bound to hemoglobin when it is exposed to solutions varying in their partial pressure of dissolved oxygen, pH, and other substances; oxyhemoglobin dissociates into oxygen and hemoglobin (Oxyhemoglobin is formed from one molecule of hemoglobin bound to four molecules of oxygen)

17. pH decreases during activity because the CO 2 reacts with water forming carbonic acid

19. Hemoglobin picks up oxygen when the partial pressure is high and releases oxygen when the partial pressure is low. Hemoglobin can release its oxygen to metabolically very active tissues, such as muscle tissue during exercise.

20. Partial Pressure – a measurement of the concentration of one gas in a mixture of gases; the pressure exerted by a particular gas in a mixture of gases (abbreviated Po.) In the lungs, hemoglobin is about 98% saturated with O2 (high Po) whereas in the tissues it is only about 70% saturated (low Po)

21. Lymphatic System Lymphatic system returns lost fluid to circulatory system (about 4L per day) Lymph nodes filter the lymph Help fight infection

22. Differentiation of Blood Cells

23. Atherosclerosis: Normal Artery and Artery With Plaque

24. Blood Clot