1. Training course in fish stock assessment and fisheries management
National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries
Fish Population Dynamics Lab
10-14 November, 2013ns

2. Management plan and Reference points

3. Sustainability and overfishing
4/28/2017
Sustainability and overfishing
Recruitment overfishing
A situation in which the rate of fishing is (or has been) such that annual recruitment to the exploitable stock has become significantly reduced.
The situation is characterized by a greatly reduced spawning stock, a decreasing proportion of older fish in the catch, and generally very low recruitment year after year.
If prolonged, recruitment overfishing can lead to stock collapse, particularly under unfavourable environmental conditions. Restrepo V. (1999):
Figure ref:

4. Sustainability and overfishing
4/28/2017
Sustainability and overfishing
Growth overfishing occurs when too many small fish are being harvested, usually because of excessive effort and poor selectivity (e.g. too small mesh sizes) and the fish are not given the time to grow to the size at which the maximum yield-per-recruit would be obtained from the stock.
A reduction of fishing mortality on juveniles, or their outright protection, would lead to an increase in yield from the fishery.
Ecosystem overfishing
Occurs when the species composition and dominance is significantly modified by fishing (e.g. with reductions of large, long-lived, demersal predators and increases of small, short-lived species at lower trophic levels).

5. To achieve MEY (or even MSY), management is essential

6. Control measures
FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries specifies “...States... should adopt appropriate control measures, based on the best scientific evidence available, which are designed to maintain or restore stocks
Control measures are management measures designed to regulate fishing mortality AND biomass
Can and should include measures to protect habitat and marine biodiversity
Management Plans therefore need to consider other species in addition to target species

7. Control measures We have already considered these and they include:
Input controls to control fishing mortality
Output controls to directly control biomass
Closed areas to protect habitat
Closed seasons
etc

8. Examples of Management Plan Objectives
Biological
Economic
Social, cultural etc

9. Red Sea Mean catch: 30,000 ton Length : 2000 Km Mean Width: 28Km
Depth : 491 m
Egyptian sector :
about 1080 km
Mean catch: 30,000 ton

10. Gulf of Suez
It provide about 64% of harvested fish in Egyptian |Red Sea ( ).
The Gulf of Suez extends
about 250 km from Suez
in the north to Shadwan
Island in the south.
Its width varies between
20 and 40 km
Its mean depth is 45 m

14. EGYPTIAN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES
The Egyptian Mediterranean coast is about 1200 km extending from El-Salloum in the West to El-Arish in the East.
The mean annual fish production from this vast area did not exceed 55 thousand ton (GAFRD; ).
The main fishing gears operated in this region were trawling, purse-seining and lining specially long and hand lining.
The fishing grounds along the Egyptian Mediterranean coast are divided into four regions namely
About 67% of Mediterranean production comes from eastern sector
Nous allons débuter par les mesures: informations et besoins.

15. Challenges in marine fisheries
Over-exploitation due to the high fishing pressure
Illegal size nets and destructive fishing methods
Illegal harvesting of fish fry
Increasing of tourism and industrial expansion which cause damages in coastal ecosystem and pollution
Lack of information on fishery status in terms of biological, ecological, social and economic policy
Lake of awareness about the importance of fisheries regulations

16. Recommendations Reduce the fishing effort by at least 40%
Make a reliable stock assessment and risk analysis studies for all of our fisheries
Make EIA for all projects built along the Mediterranean coast
Encourage the investment in small factories for fish processing, fish meal and net-making
Prohibit the harvesting of fish fry
Regulation of mesh sizes, controlling gear types used and prohibition the destructive ones.

17. Identify and protect the nursery and spawning grounds through the implementation of MPA
Train women and youth to use some of fish parts, bivalves and gastropod in decoration and souvenirs to find an income resources and improve their livelihood
Introduce the by-catch reduction devices
Improve the collection of national statistics on catch and fishing effort
Revise the current fisheries law and improve it.

18. Lakes Fisheries

19. Main Challenges
Degradation, filling up and drought

20. Pollution
Spread of aquatic plants in many places in the lakes.
Over-fishing, illegal fishing practices and illegal harvesting of fish fry
The blockage of Boughazes
Eutrophication

21. By-catch
The low awareness of fishermen about environmental issues and the importance of fisheries regulation measures.

22. Recommendations
Studying the dynamics, reproductive cycle and stock assessment of the commercial fishes as this is an important step in establishing guidelines for fishery-regulation measures.
Stocking the lakes with sufficient and suitable fish fry species.
Controlling and optimizing the water quality of the lakes.
Regulation of mesh sizes, controlling gear types used and prohibition the destructive ones.

23. Developing suitable fishing gear for shallow lakes as well as detecting the economic factors affecting the fishery.
Monitoring salinities at various seasons and localities
Continuous clearance of the openings for exchange of water masses between the lakes and the open sea.
Revision of fisheries laws and improving the system for collecting and compiling fisheries statistics
Examining the water inflow of the agricultural drainage canals and different drains into the lakes regularly to control polluted water inflow into the lake.
Construction marine hatcheries to cover the excessive demand on fish fry and juveniles for aquaculture.