1. Cardiovascular Disease Blood Vessels

2. Diagram of the Heart ©http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/images/heart_interior.gif

3. Most incidences of heart disease originate in the blood vessels

4. Anatomy of Blood Vessels ©http://www.unm.edu/~jimmy/vessels.jpg

5. Both Arteries and Veins Have 3 Layers: Tunica adventitia Tunica media Tunica intima

6. Tunica Adventitia Outer layer of the blood vessel Composed of connective tissue with different amounts of elastic fibers Elasticity of the wall aids in maintaining blood pressure

7. Tunica Media Middle layer Composed of smooth muscle cells arranged in a circular pattern around the vessel Larger arteries contain more smooth muscle cells

8. Tunica Intima Inner layer Composed of endothelial cells Endothelial cells reduce friction of blood flow; they are the cells cover/line all internal and external body parts

9. Artery © http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/images/ency/fullsize/19194.jpg

12. Arteries carry blood away from the heart and towards the tissue Large arteries actually have their own system of blood vessels = vasa vasorum Large arteries leave the heart and divide into smaller arteries These arteries called ARTERIOLES

13. Arterioles: Medium size arteries Have very muscular walls which control the amount of blood flow to specific organs through vasoconstriction and dilatation Become smaller the further they are from the artery

14. Arterioles: Very small arterioles consist only of a thin layer of endothelial tissue with smooth muscle cells Endothelial cells reduce friction Smooth muscle cells assist with vasoconstriction and vasodilatation

15. Capillaries Arterioles branch into the CAPILLARIES found throughout tissue Capillaries exchange oxygen and nutrients for carbon dioxide and waste with surrounding tissue

16. Capillaries Capillaries do not contain any smooth muscle cells

19. Venules After gases exchange occurs and capillaries leave the tissue, they are called VENULES Venule walls contain smooth muscle cells As venules become larger, they are called VEINS

20. Veins Veins return blood from the tissue to the heart Veins have a very thin layer of muscle tissue and elastic fibers Walls of veins are much thinner than arteries…why?

21. http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.siumed.edu/~dking2/bluehist/VesWall.jpg&imgrefurl=htt p://www.siumed.edu/~dking2/crr/cvguide.htm&h=400&w=300&sz=86&hl=en&start=15&um=1&tbnid=d27W _wKhV071fM:&tbnh=124&tbnw=93&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dblood%2Bvessel%26svnum%3D10%26um%3 D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG

22. Veins Veins do not need to withstand high internal pressure

23. Valves Along the inner lining of veins, there are valves Valves are composed of endothelial tissue which reduces friction assisting with blood flow When blood flows toward the heart, the “flaps” of the valves are pressed back against the walls of the vessels

24. Valves If a back pressure develops, the valves close Why? Prevents blood from flowing back into the capillaries Very important with lower extremities

25. Valve in Vein ©http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/740/77408.JPG

26. Valves in Vein ©http://www.adronline.org/images/evlt/blueVein.gif

27. Arteries to Know Aorta Very large Extends from the left side of the heart Runs along the backside of the heart Oriented downward Carries oxygenated blood to all parts of the body

28. Aorta ©http://www.teamt.us/images/Aorta_Structure.jpg

29. Pulmonary Artery Large artery Located on the right side of the heart Carries blood to the lungs

30. Pulmonary Artery (blue) ©http://medpics.findlaw.com/imagescooked/2639W.jpg

31. http://resources.fadavis.com/strasinger3e/A nimations/animations.cfm?exercise=blood_ flow&title=Blood%20Flow%20Through%20t he%20Heart

32. Carotid Arteries Located in the neck Carries blood to the face and scalp (not the brain)

33. Carotid (Cartoid) Artery ©http://www.carolinavascular.com/CVSD%20main%20site/Cartoid1.gif

34. Cerebral Artery Supplies blood to the lobes of the brain

35. Cerebral Artery ©http://www.transonic.com/brain1.gif

36. Renal Arteries (left and right) Supply the kidneys with blood

37. Renal Arteries ©http://www.ivy-rose.co.uk/Topics/Urinary/UrinarySystem_cIvyRose.jpg

38. Iliac Arteries Carry oxygenated blood from the abdominal aorta to the pelvic region Near the femur ends

39. Iliac Arteries ©http://www.medicalook.com/systems_images/Arteries_of_the_Pelvis_and_Lower_Extremity.jpg

40. Iliac Arteries ©http://home.comcast.net/~wnor/pelvicarteries.jpg

41. Femoral Arteries Continuation of the external iliac artery Large artery located in the thigh

42. Femoral Artery ©http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/c/cf/250px-Femoral_artery_and_branches.gif

43. Popliteal Artery Extension of the superficial femoral artery Goes through calf muscle (down backside) Supplies blood to the knee and foot

44. Popliteal Artery ©http://www.clevelandclinic.org/heartcenter/images/guide/heartworks/legcirc.jpg

45. Coronary Arteries Supply blood to the heart Located on front of heart Right coronary artery supplies blood to right front of heart Left coronary artery supplies blood to left side of heart

46. Coronary Arteries ©http://www.kmu.lt/Card_surg/img/smallbypass.gif