2. THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

3. Lets review  angio  -stenosis  -sclerosis  phleb/o  -it is  brady-  cardi/o  -ologist  hem/o  leuk/o  -penia  ather/o  arter/o  endo-

4. The Circulatory System: Consists of 4 main parts: - The Heart (the pump) - Vessels (the pipes) - Blood (the fluid) - Lymphatic System (auxillary fluid

5. Anatomy and Physiology of The Heart  Is a muscular organ that pumps blood through the body  Each day it pumps approx. 4,000 gallons of blood

6.  The heart pumps blood through the body at the rate of 40 MPH  Blood is pumped through 70,000 miles of blood vessels HEART PUMPS

7.  The heart averages about 72 beats per minute  The heart beats approx. 100,000 times a day HEART BEAT

8. HEART MUSCLE Systolic Phase: Diastolic Phase:

9. Location of the Heart  The heart is the size of a clenched fist located behind the sternum between the lungs  2/3rds of the heart is located on the left side of the chest

10. Tissue Layers of the Heart  Endocardium Smooth layer of cells lining the inside of the heart and forming the valves  Myocardium The thickest layer, consisting of muscle tissue  Pericardium Double membrane that covers the outside of the heart, providing lubrication between the heart and surrounding structures to prevent tissue damage

11. Heart muscles are constructed of several different layers of muscles HEART MUSCLES

12. External Parts of the Heart  The outer wall of the heart is covered with a sac called the pericardium.  The sac is filled with fluid which reduces friction as the heart beats.

13. Myocardium This muscular layer of the heart is firm and gives the heart structure.

14. Myocardium

15. Endocardium  This muscular layer of the heart lines the inner surface of the heart.

16.  The heart is made up of 4 chambers :  - right atrium  - right ventricle  - left atrium  - left ventricle  With a divider down the center called the septum HEART CHAMBERS

17. Chambers are separated by one way valves

18. Tricuspid Valve  Between the right atrium and right ventricle

19. These valves only open when the heart contracts

20. Bicuspid or Mitral Valve  Is between the left atrium and left ventricle

21. Bicuspid / Mitral Valve

22. Circulation  The flow of blood Systemic Circulation Pulmonary Circulation  Together these systems allow blood to bring oxygen to the cells and to remove waste products

23. Systemic Circulation  Includes the flow of blood to all parts of the body except the lungs Oxygenated blood flows out of the heart from the left ventricle into arterial circulation Deoxygenated blood returns to the heart through the veins and flows into the right atrium

24. Pulmonary Circulation  The flow of blood between the heart and lungs Deoxygenated blood flows out of the heart from the right ventricle, through the pulmonary arteries and into the lungs.  This is the only place in the body where arteries carry oxygen poor blood. In the lungs, carbon dioxide from the body is exchanged for oxygen from the inhaled air. The pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood into the left atrium of the heart.  This is the only place in the body where veins carry oxygen rich blood

25. Pathway of Blood through the Heart

26.  Blood enters the Vena Cava (largest vein carrying blood from the body back to the heart)  Right Atrium – Contracts  Tricuspid Valve  Right Ventricle – Contracts  Pulmonary Artery (deoxygenated blood)  Lungs (pick ups oxygen)  Pulmonary Veins  Left Atrium – Contracts  Bicuspid/Mitral Valve  Left Ventricle – Contracts  Aorta (largest artery carrying blood away from the heart to the body) REVIEW

27. Structure and Function Functions of the cardiovascular system Transports nutrients and oxygen to the body Transports waste products from the cells to the kidneys for excretion Distributes hormones and antibodies throughout the body Helps control body temperature and maintain electrolyte balance

29. Blood Vessels  Arteries Carry blood away from the heart Oxygen rich except the pulmonary artery  Veins Carry blood back to the heart Oxygen poor, except the pulmonary vein  Capillaries Microscopic vessels that carry blood between the arterial and venous vessels

30. Blood Cells  Erythrocytes Red blood cells Carry oxygen Hemoglobin  Iron containing pigment of the RBC that transports oxygen  Leukocytes White blood cells Neutrophills, esonphills, basophills, lymphocytes monocytes

31. Thrombocytes  Platelets smallest of blood cells  Aid in clotting

32. Know this diagram

33. Disorders of the Cardiovascular System  Aneurysm An area of a blood vessel that bulges because of a weakness in the wall  Anemia Aplastic –absence of allformed blood cells Hemolytic-RCB are destroyed rapidly Megaloblastic - larger then normal cells Pernicious – can’t absorb vit B 12 normally Sickle cell – s shaped or sickel shaped

34. Diseases and Disorders  megablastic anemia  atrial fibrillation  deep vein thrombosis  myelodysplastic syndrome  congestive heart failure  MI  Septicemia  Embolism

35. Medications  antiiarrhythmic  Ace Inhibitor  tissue plasminogen activator  antihypertensives  beta-blocker  calcium channel blockers  diuretics 

36. We only get one heart. Treat it wisely!

37. Student Workbook Learning Exercises Answer Key © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

38. Chapter 5 Answers Matching Word Parts 1 5.1. aort/o 5.2. arteri/o 5.3. ather/o 5.4. angi/o 5.5. brady- Matching Word Parts 2 5.6. -emia 5.7. cardi/o 5.8. -crasia 5.9. erythr/o 5.10. ven/o

39. Chapter 5 Answers Matching Word Parts 3 5.11. leuk/o 5.12. phleb/o 5.13. tachy- 5.14. thromb/o 5.15. hem/o Definitions 5.16. leukocytes 5.17. sinoatrial node 5.18. coronary arteries 5.19. eosinophils 5.20. mitral

40. Chapter 5 Answers Definitions 5.21. right ventricle 5.22. thrombocytes 5.23. embolus 5.24. left ventricle 5.25. neutrophils Matching Structures 5.26. heart 5.27. myocardium 5.28. epicardium 5.29. endocardium 5.30. pericardium

41. Chapter 5 Answers Which Word? 5.31. lipoprotein cholesterol 5.32. bradycardia 5.33. ventricular 5.34. systolic 5.35. duplex ultrasound Spelling Counts 5.36. aneurysm 5.37. hypoperfusion 5.38. arrhythmia 5.39. Raynaud’s 5.40. cardioverter

42. Chapter 5 Answers Abbreviation Identification 5.41. coronary artery disease 5.42. electrocardiogram 5.43. hemoglobin 5.44. myocardial infarction 5.45. ventricular fibrillation Term Selection 5.46. septicemia 5.47. beta-blocker 5.48. megaloblastic 5.49. antihypertensive 5.50. endocarditis

43. Chapter 5 Answers Sentence Completion 5.51. serum 5.52. thrombocytopenia 5.53. carotid endarterectomy 5.54. valvular prolapse 5.55. nitroglycerin Word Surgery 5.56. aneurysm/o, -rrhaphy 5.57. a-, plast -ic 5.58. electr/o cardi/o, -graphy 5.59. poly-, arter, -itis 5.60. valv/o, -plasty

44. Chapter 5 Answers True/False 5.61. False 5.62. True 5.63. True 5.64. False 5.65. True Clinical Conditions 5.66. hemangioma 5.67. thrombosis 5.68. varicose 5.69. angina 5.70. orthostatic hypotension

45. Chapter 5 Answers Clinical Conditions 5.71. myelodysplastic syndrome 5.72. electrocardiogram 5.73. cardiopulmonary resuscitation 5.74. thrombolytic 5.75. ischemic Which Is the Correct Medical Term? 5.76. atheroma 5.77. hemostasis 5.78. phlebitis 5.79. dyscrasia 5.80. aneurysmectomy

46. Chapter 5 Answers Challenge Word Building 5.81. arteritis 5.82. angiectomy 5.83. phlebostenosis 5.84. pericardiectomy 5.85. cardiorrhaphy 5.86. phleborrhexis 5.87. angiorrhaphy 5.88. cardiorrhexis 5.89. pericardiorrhaph y 5.90. angionecrosis

47. Chapter 5 Answers Labeling Exercises 5.91. vena cava 5.92. atrium 5.93. ventricle 5.94. artery 5.95. veins 5.96. semilunar 5.97. tricuspid 5.98. aorta 5.99. aortic 5.100. mitral