1. New York Terrestrial Wildlife

2. The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be judged by the way its animals are treated. -- Mohandas Gandhi

4. Jamestown -- humid continental climate

7. Water

8. dkimages.com, norcalblogs.com/watts/images, tr.k12.in.us/tre01/detersh/Images, native-languages.org 300 million years ago 14,000 years ago 500 years ago

9. Land Use Acreage % Cover Agriculture 7,727,003 24.8 Barren land 57,857 0.2 Commercial, Industrial 303,979 1.0 Forest 19,533,793 62.8 Parks, golf, lawns 239,728 0.8 Residential 1,352,117 4.4 Water 994,431 3.2 Wetland 901,990 2.9 EPA-MRLC coverage data Jan. 1997

10. Native Species of New York Species Endangered Threatened Mammals 94 10 1 Birds 455 10 10 Reptiles 39 7 5 Amphibians 33 2 0 Inland Fish 167 8 11 Invertebrates ? 16 8 Plants3195 359 154

11. White-tailed deer – changed forests!

12. Opossum -- marsupial NO

13. Shrews Masked Shrew -- common Smoky Shrew Longtail Shrew Water Shrew Pygmy Shrew Least Shrew Shorttail Shrew shorttail shrew pygmy shrew least shrew

14. White-footed MouseDeer Mouse Meadow Jumping Mouse Woodland Jumping Mouse House Mouse (E)

15. Rats Norway Rat (E) Black Rat (E) Allegheny Woodrat - endangered

16. Southern Bog Lemming

17. Voles Meadow Vole (Field Mouse) Pine Vole (Woodland Vole) Yellownose Vole (Rock Vole) Redback Vole aboveground = meadow vole activity belowground = pine vole activity

18. Moles Starnose Mole Eastern Mole Hairytail Mole

19. Gray Squirrel Red Squirrel Flying Squirrel Eastern Chipmunk Fox Squirrel – LI only

20. Beaver – keystone species

21. Snowshoe Hare European Hare (jackrabbit) Eastern Cottontail New England Cottontail

22. Mustelidae – long & slender, scent glands Marten Fisher Longtail Weasel Shorttail Weasel (ermine) Mink River Otter Striped Skunk

23. Red Fox Gray Fox

24. Eastern Coyote (best friend of songbirds)

25. Muskrat Woodchuck Porcupine Raccoon Black Bear Gray Wolf (extirpated) Bobcat Lynx (extirpated) Eastern Cougar (extirpated) Moose

26. 9 species of bats in New York State most commonly seen… little brown bat big brown bat communal roosters Other NY species are solitary roosters: silver-haired bat hoary bat red bat small-footed myotis eastern long-eared myotis eastern pipistrelle Indiana myotis (endangered) Bat habitats… buildings bridges caves rock crevices hollow trees logs loose bark leaf clumps all eat insects

27. Questions: Where is it? On the trail, at base of tree, partly buried? How big is it? How big was the animal it came from? What does it contain? Shells, berries, bones, grass? Detecting Wildlife Presence by Finding Scat deer coyote wild turkey All images by Kim A. Cabrera www.beartracker.com bobcat robin

28. Tracks Look for these alongside streams, lakes, ponds, & beside shrinking puddles after rainstorms bobcat turkey river otter gray squirrel snake grasshopper raccoon robin images by Kim A. Cabrera www.beartracker.com

29. 455 species of resident and migratory birds 244 breed in New York State Birds of New York State New York State Breeding Bird Atlas is a comprehensive, statewide survey that shows the distribution New York birds. http://www.dec.ny.gov/cfmx/extapps/bba/

30. Raptors immature bald eagles do not have a white head or tail and are often mistaken for golden eagles red-shouldered hawk Northern Saw-whet Owl

31. common loon great blue heron Wetland Dependant Birds belted kingfisher piping plover red-winged blackbird

32. old fields, meadows, and other open areas eastern bluebird - New York State bird eastern meadowlark American goldfinch

33. Forest Birds - from the canopy to the forest floor American woodcock – forest floor pileated woodpecker - trunks cerulean carbler - canopy

34. Non-native bird species titmice nestlings killed by house sparrow house sparrow (English sparrow) European starling

35. New York – wet, topographically complex = amphibians! Salamanders – complex lifecycles Frogs Toads eastern newt hellbender American toad gray tree frog bullfrog

36. Reptiles painted turtlewood turtle Lizards Snakes red-bellied snake – live young smooth green snake Turtles coal skink ring-necked snake – social

37. The oldest known insect is a winged insect that lived more than 350 million years ago in the Devonian period 920,000 documented species of insects in the world – so far (85% of all known animal species). 1/3 are beetles!  US = ~100,000 named species  Number of species in each state is unknown  A 1928 list of insect species in New York = 15,000 (but thousands discovered since then) Insects Insects possess: * 3 body segments * 6 legs * 1 pair of antennae * diverse appendages

38. Pollinators Pollination is important because: Most plants will not make seeds or fruits if not fertilized Sexual reproduction produces variable offspring, creating diversity and variation (gene shuffling) Pollination birdsinsectsmammalshumans 800 native bee species in eastern US!

39. 1 2 3 4 Migration!

40. decomposers! fungi

41. Non-native Terrestrial Wildlife Species -- also, non-native fish & plants Cat Dog House Mouse Norway Rat Black Rat House Sparrow (English Sparrow) Starling Rock Dove Earthworms Slugs Honey Bees etc., etc.