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Published byAmie Fitzgerald Modified over 8 years ago
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Bacteria & Viruses
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4 Ways to Identify Bacteria 1.Shape CocciBacillusSpirochete
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2.Cell Wall Peptidoglycan – in bacteria cell wall Gram (+) Purple Gram (-) Red
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3. Movement Flagella Slime Layer None
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4. How they get their energy Photoautotroph Chemoautotroph Heterotroph Photoheterotroph
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Bacterial Reproduction & Growth Binary Fission Conjugation
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Oxygen Needs of Bacteria Facultative Anaerobe Obligate Aerobe Obligate Anaerobe Oxygen at top
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Nitrogen Fixation Process where bacteria on plant roots convert nitrogen gas in the air into ammonia Nitrogen is necessary for proteins and nucleic acids Mutualism! Both plant and bacteria benefit
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Human uses for bacteria
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Pathogens – Bacteria that cause disease Two Ways Bacteria Cause Disease Produce Toxins (Food poisoning) Damage Tissue
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Controlling Bacterial Growth Antibiotics – Slows growth; does not kill bacteria Disinfectants – Chemical that kills bacteria Sterilization – Heat, pressure, gas that kills bacteria Refrigeration – Slows growth; does not kill bacteria Canning – High heat to kill bacteria Chemical Treatments – Preservatives in food; slows growth; does not kill
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Virus – Obligate Parasite – Must have a host to survive and multiply DNA or RNA Capsid
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Lytic Cycle of a Virus
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Lysogenic Cycle of a Virus
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How Vaccines Work
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Oncogenic Viruses Disrupt cyclins that regulate cell growth
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Retroviruses Have RNA which needs Reverse Transcriptase to convert into DNA and then added into host DNA for replication of virus
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Prions – Infectious Proteins when eaten target specific tissues such as the brain Mad Cow Disease Scrapies in Sheep
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