1. POS  Key Terms: temperature  K2d:  Distinguish between heat and temperature; and explain temperature, using the concept of kinetic energy and the particle model of matter  K1c:  Identify and explain uses of devices and systems to generate, transfer, control or remove thermal energy (describe how a furnace and wall thermostat keep a house at a constant temperature

2. POS cont’d  K3d:  explain the operation of technological devices and systems that respond to temperature change (thermometers, bimetallic strips, thermostatically-controlled heating systems)

3. Materials  Thermometer  Pail of hot, cold, room temperature water  Thermostat  Bi-metallic strip  Lighter/candle  Thermometer  Hot plate  Beaker of water

4. Unit C: Heat and Temperature Topic 2: Measuring Temperature

5. Exothermic Reactions  Exo: release  Thermic: heat energy  Reactions that break the bonds between molecules, releasing heat  Feels hot  Ex. Whoosh bottle  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =0aqH1JgmZ_4&safety_mode=true &persist_safety_mode=1&safe=acti vehttp://www.youtube.com/watch ?v=0aqH1JgmZ_4&safety_mode=tr ue&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=a ctive

6. Endothermic reactions  Endo: absorb  Reactions that create bonds between molecules, absorbing heat  Feels cold  Ex. Ice packs

7. Are humans good thermometers?  Can you tell whether something is hot or cold?  We can guess the relative temperature by touch, or see that a red hot coal is hot, but cannot make a precise measurement  It is dangerous to measure temperature by touch (burn/frostbite)  Experiment: hot/cold/room temperature water buckets

8. What is temperature?  Hot or cold right?  Three important details:  Temperature is a relative measurement of hot or cold  Measured on a scale ( o F, o C, K)  Average kinetic energy of particles in a substance

9. Heat vs. temperature  Heat is the energy of particles  Temperature is a relative measure of this (kinetic) energy on a scale  The particle model of matter helps to explain that as temperature increases, particles have more energy, move faster and have greater spaces between them  Pg 202-205

10. Heat or Thermal Energy is measured in:  Joules (J): heating bills  Degrees:  Fahrenheit ( o F)  Celsius ( o C)  Kelvin (K)  Pg 194-195

11. Celsius Scale  Anders Celsius (1701-1744)  Based his scale on the freezing and boiling point of water  0 0 C and 100 0 C  Note: this only works at sea level!  What is the boiling point of water in Calgary?  Our altitude is higher, so the boiling point will be lower (less atmospheric pressure holding particles together)  Try it out!

12. Kelvin Scale  Lord Kelvin (1824-1907)  Decided that the coldest possible temperature, where all particle motion stops, is absolute zero (hypothetical)  0K= -273.15 o C  0 o C= 273.15K

13. What temperature?  Absolute zero  Freezing point of water  Room temperature  Body temperature  Boiling point of water in Calgary  Boiling point of water

14. What do we use to measure temperature?  Hands? Eyes? No!  Measurement devices (4)  1. Thermometer:  As the temperature increases, the liquid inside expands, rising in the glass tube  As temperature decreases, the liquid inside contracts  Mercury-poisonous vs. alcohol  Limitations: short temperature range

15. 2. Thermocouple  Wires that generate electric current when heated  Good for measuring very hot temperatures, where liquid in a thermometer would boil ex. in your oven

16. 3. Infrared Thermogram  Detects infrared radiation or heat, a section of the electromagnetic radiation (EMR) spectrum that we cannot see

17. Side note-black lights  https://youtu.be/vrduLX3dKGE https://youtu.be/vrduLX3dKGE

18. 4. Bimetallic strip Bi- two, metals  One metal expands more than the other when heated  Bimetallic strips are used  in recording thermometers (see pg 200) for long-term temperature readings  In thermostats  To turn on/off refrigerators and air conditioners

19. Thermostat  Where is the class thermostat? In the portables?  *show thermostat

20. How a thermostat works  Coordinates with the furnace . glass vial are three wires. One wire goes all the way across the bottom of the vial, so the mercury is always in contact with it. One wire ends on the left side of the vial, so when the vial tilts to the left, the mercury contacts it -- making contact between this wire and the one on the bottom of the vial. The third wire ends on the right side of the vial, so when the vial tilts to the right, the mercury makes contact between this wire and the bottom wire

21. Thermostats  The bimetallic strip acts as a thermometer  When it is cold, the strip will contract  When it is warm, the strip will expand, tilting the mercury away from the wire, breaking the connection  Why is mercury used? It is the only liquid metal, and therefore conducts electricity.

22. Energy saver tip:  Turn down the thermostat!  Dress warmly, put on a blanket  Keep the temperature low when you are not at home-programmable thermostats will make this easy for you

23. Assignment:  Read Heat info sheet  Read Temperature Scales info sheet  Activity pg 198 Boiling Hot, Freezing Cold  Topic 2 Review Q’s pg 201 #1,2,5  Heat + Temperature Reading Assignment T2-3