1. States of Matter CHAPTER the BIG idea CHAPTER OUTLINE Particles of matter are in constant motion. Matter exists in different physical states. 6.1 Temperature depends on particle movement. 6.2 Changes of state are physical changes. 6.3 NEW CHAPTER CHAPTER RESOURCES

2. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Matter exists in different physical states. states of matter 6.1 SECTION OUTLINE SECTION OUTLINE solid liquid gas CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES CALIFORNIA Content Standards 8.3.d Students know the states of matter (solid, liquid, gas) depend on molecular motion. 8.3.e Students know that in solids the atoms are closely locked in position and can only vibrate; in liquids the atoms and molecules are more loosely connected and can collide with and move past one another; and in gases the atoms and molecules are free to move independently, colliding frequently.

3. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME The different forms in which matter can exist. Three familiar states are solid, liquid, and gas. states of matter 6.1 Matter exists in different physical states. KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES states of matter solid liquid gas

4. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Matter that has a definite shape and a definite volume. The molecules in a solid are in fixed positions and are close together. solid 6.1 Matter exists in different physical states. KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES states of matter solid liquid gas

5. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Matter exists in different physical states. states of matter 6.1 SECTION OUTLINE SECTION OUTLINE solid liquid gas Solids have a fixed volume and a fixed shape. CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

6. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Matter that has a definite volume but does not have a definite shape. The molecules in a liquid are close together but not bound to one another. liquid 6.1 Matter exists in different physical states. KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES states of matter solid liquid gas

7. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Matter exists in different physical states. 6.1 SECTION OUTLINE SECTION OUTLINE Solids have a fixed volume and a fixed shape. Liquids have a fixed volume but no fixed shape. CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES states of matter solid liquid gas

8. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Matter with no definite volume and no definite shape. The molecules in a gas are very far apart, and the amount of space between them can change easily. gas 6.1 Matter exists in different physical states. KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES states of matter solid liquid gas

9. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Matter exists in different physical states. 6.1 SECTION OUTLINE SECTION OUTLINE Solids have a fixed volume and a fixed shape. Liquids have a fixed volume but no fixed shape. Gases have no fixed volume and no fixed shape. CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES states of matter solid liquid gas

10. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Matter exists in different physical states. 6.1 SECTION OUTLINE SECTION OUTLINE Solids have a fixed volume and a fixed shape. Liquids have a fixed volume but no fixed shape. Gases have no fixed volume and no fixed shape. SIMULATION Explore the behavior of a gas. CLASSZONE.COM CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES states of matter solid liquid gas

11. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Plasmas Plasma-The most common state of matter in the universe -are gases whose particles have so much energy that they become electrically charged. Examples-Stars and lightning are naturally occurring plasmas. Examples-Fluorescent lights and plasma television displays are man-made uses of plasma.

12. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME 6.2 SECTION OUTLINE SECTION OUTLINE Temperature depends on particle movement. temperature kinetic theory of matter thermometer CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES CALIFORNIA Content Standards 8.3.e Students know that in solids the atoms are closely locked in position and can only vibrate; in liquids the atoms and molecules are more loosely connected and can collide with and move past one another; and in gases the atoms and molecules are free to move independently, colliding frequently.

13. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME All Matter is made of moving particles Kinetic Energy- The energy of motion Particles in a solid are held tightly together and cannot move very much except to vibrate back and forth.

14. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME All Matter is made of moving particles Particles in a liquid move around much more freely than particles in a solid. - They constantly tumble and slide over each other. Particles in a gas are far apart from each other and move at high speeds. - They might collide but otherwise don't interact very much.

15. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME - all particles that make up matter are constantly in motion. - A moving object has the most kinetic energy at the point where it moves the fastest. kinetic theory of matter 6.2 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Temperature depends on particle movement. temperature kinetic theory of matter thermometer CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

16. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME A measure of the average amount of kinetic energy of the particles in an object. temperature 6.2 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Temperature depends on particle movement. temperature kinetic theory of matter thermometer CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

17. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME 6.2 SECTION OUTLINE SECTION OUTLINE Temperature and Kinetic Energy temperature kinetic theory of matter thermometer Particles in a warmer substance have a greater average kinetic energy than particles in a cooler substance. hot liquid cold liquid CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

18. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME 6.2 SECTION OUTLINE SECTION OUTLINE Temperature and Kinetic Energy temperature kinetic theory of matter thermometer T he relationship between temperature and energy explains why objects heat up or cool off. ***For example, in order to warm your hands, energy must be added in the form of heat to make particles move faster. -This makes the hands warmer. -A hot bowl of soup cools down due to collisions between its particles and the cooler, slower-moving particles of air, which cause the particles in the soup to slow down. VISUALIZATION Explore how temperature affects the speed of particles. CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

19. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Temperature and Kinetic Energy Kinetic energy depends on mass as well as speed. ***Example-Particles in a doorknob move more slowly than particles in the air; however, the metal atoms in a doorknob are much heavier, which gives them kinetic energy. The air and the doorknob can have the same average kinetic energy and, therefore, the same temperature.

20. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Temperature can be Measured Temperature is measured on different scales. A temperature scale is usually defined by giving values to the boiling point of water and the freezing point of water.

21. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Temperature can be Measured The Fahrenheit scale has wide use in the United States, from weather reports to cooking instructions. It was developed in the early 1700s by Gabriel Fahrenheit. The freezing point of water is 32°F (degrees Fahrenheit), The boiling point of water is 212°F.

22. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Temperature can be Measured The Celsius scale is the temperature scale used in most of the world. It was developed in the 1740s by Anders Celsius. The freezing point of water is 0°C (degrees Celsius), and The boiling point of water is 100°C. If the air temperature is 30°C, it is a nice warm day (equal to 86°F).

23. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME A device for measuring temperature. In a mercury thermometer, liquid mercury expands when it heats up and contracts when it cools down. Ex-The liquid expands along a thin tube lined with numbers that record the temperature. Since mercury is dangerous, most thermometers made today use alcohol. thermometer 6.2 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Temperature can be Measured temperature kinetic theory of matter thermometer CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

24. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Temperature can be Measured Other thermometers measure the electrical properties of a material inside the thermometer as the temperature changes. These thermometers can be read by a computer and are often used in cars and homes.

25. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME melting evaporation Changes of states are physical changes. 6.3 SECTION OUTLINE SECTION OUTLINE freezing freezing point melting point sublimation boiling boiling point condensation CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES CALIFORNIA Content Standards 8.5.d Students know physical processes include freezing and boiling, in which a material changes form with no chemical reaction. 8.7.c Students know substances can be classified by their properties, including their melting temperature, density, hardness, and thermal and electrical conductivity.

26. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME condensation freezing melting evaporation Changes of states are physical changes. 6.3 SECTION OUTLINE SECTION OUTLINE freezing freezing point melting point sublimation Matter can change from a solid to a liquid and from a liquid to a gas. Solid Liquid Gas melting evaporation, boiling boiling boiling point condensation CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

27. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME The process by which a substance changes from its solid state to its liquid state. melting 6.3 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Changes of states are physical changes. CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES melting evaporation freezing freezing point melting point sublimation boiling boiling point condensation

28. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME The temperature at which a substance changes from its solid state to its liquid state through melting. melting point 6.3 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Changes of states are physical changes. CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES melting evaporation freezing freezing point melting point sublimation boiling boiling point condensation

29. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME The process by which a substance changes from its liquid state into its solid state. freezing 6.3 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Changes of states are physical changes. CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES melting evaporation freezing freezing point melting point sublimation boiling boiling point condensation

30. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME The temperature at which a substance changes from its liquid state to its solid state through freezing. freezing point 6.3 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Changes of states are physical changes. CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES melting evaporation freezing freezing point melting point sublimation boiling boiling point condensation

31. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME A process by which a substance changes from its liquid state to its gas state by random particle movement. Evaporation usually occurs at the surface of a liquid over a wide range of temperatures. evaporation 6.3 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Changes of states are physical changes. CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES melting evaporation freezing freezing point melting point sublimation boiling boiling point condensation

32. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME The process by which a substance changes directly from its solid state to its gas state without becoming a liquid first. sublimation 6.3 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Changes of states are physical changes. CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES melting evaporation freezing freezing point melting point sublimation boiling boiling point condensation

33. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME A process by which a substance changes from its liquid state to its gas state. The liquid is heated to a specific temperature at which bubbles of vapor form within the liquid. boiling 6.3 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Changes of states are physical changes. CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES melting evaporation freezing freezing point melting point sublimation boiling boiling point condensation

34. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME The temperature at which a substance changes from its liquid state to its gas state through boiling. boiling point 6.3 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Changes of states are physical changes. CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES melting evaporation freezing freezing point melting point sublimation boiling boiling point condensation

35. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME The process by which a gas changes into a liquid. condensation 6.3 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Changes of states are physical changes. CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES melting evaporation freezing freezing point melting point sublimation boiling boiling point condensation

36. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME I. Matter exists in different physical states. A. Particle arrangement and motion determine the state of matter. B. Solid, liquid, and gas are common states of matter. 6.1 Matter exists in different physical states. KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY C. Solids have a definite volume and shape. D. Liquids have a definite volume but no definite shape. E. Gases have no definite volume or shape. 1. Gas Composition 2. Plasmas CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES states of matter solid liquid gas

37. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME II. Temperature depends on particle movement. A. All matter is made of moving particles. 6.2 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Temperature depends on particle movement. 2. Temperature and Kinetic Energy 1. Temperature Scales B. Temperature can be measured. 2. Thermometers temperature kinetic theory of matter thermometer 3. Thermal Expansion CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES 1. The Kinetic Theory of Matter

38. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME 6.3 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Changes of states are physical changes. III. Changes of states are physical changes. A. Matter can change from one state to another. B. Solids can become liquids, and liquids can become solids. 1. Evaporation 2. Boiling C. Liquids can become gases, and gases can become liquids. 1. Melting 2. Freezing 3. Condensation CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES melting evaporation freezing freezing point melting point sublimation boiling boiling point condensation

39. CHAPTER HOME Image Gallery Click on the icons to see a larger image or animation. SIMULATION Explore the behavior of a gas. CLASSZONE.COM VISUALIZATION Explore how temperature affects the speed of particles.

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