1. That time of month UTERINE CYCLE Anne Fong BIO 260 M/WTonini

3. Anatomy

4. Hormones GnRH: synthesized in the hypothalamus & stimulates anterior pituitary to release FSH & RHGnRH: synthesized in the hypothalamus & stimulates anterior pituitary to release FSH & RH FSH: stimulates immature follicles to grow & prepare for ovulationFSH: stimulates immature follicles to grow & prepare for ovulation LH: stimulates ovulation & corpus luteum developmentLH: stimulates ovulation & corpus luteum development Estrogen: released by ovaries & corpus luteum; low concentrations  negative feedback (decreasing FSH & LH); high concentration  positive feedback (increasing FSH & LH)Estrogen: released by ovaries & corpus luteum; low concentrations  negative feedback (decreasing FSH & LH); high concentration  positive feedback (increasing FSH & LH) Progesterone: released by ovaries & corpus luteum and dramatically increases after ovulation ;helps build & maintain thickened endometriumProgesterone: released by ovaries & corpus luteum and dramatically increases after ovulation ;helps build & maintain thickened endometrium Inhibin: released by corpus luteum; negative feedback on FSHInhibin: released by corpus luteum; negative feedback on FSH

5. Phases Menses: first phase of uterine cycle involving menstruation (shedding of endometrial lining); FSH will begin increasing during the last few days of this stageMenses: first phase of uterine cycle involving menstruation (shedding of endometrial lining); FSH will begin increasing during the last few days of this stage Proliferative: second phase involving the growth of endometrial tissue; becomes more vascular; correlates to increasing estrogenProliferative: second phase involving the growth of endometrial tissue; becomes more vascular; correlates to increasing estrogen Secretory: third phase involving more growth and maintenance of the endometrium in preparation for implantation; influenced by progesteroneSecretory: third phase involving more growth and maintenance of the endometrium in preparation for implantation; influenced by progesterone

6. breakdown Ovarian vs. Uterine

7. But… If pregnancy occurs, the cycle takes a different route… Embryo secretes hCG  Corpus luteum is maintained  progesterone & estrogen is released until placenta forms

8. Issues with menses Amenorrhea: absence of menstruation (>1); pregnancy, eating disorder, drug side effect, stress; can be treated with oral contraceptive, delivery, or hormone therapyAmenorrhea: absence of menstruation (>1); pregnancy, eating disorder, drug side effect, stress; can be treated with oral contraceptive, delivery, or hormone therapy Dysmenorrhea: pain during menses; PID, endometriosis, other medical issues; treatment includes oral contraceptive & pain relieversDysmenorrhea: pain during menses; PID, endometriosis, other medical issues; treatment includes oral contraceptive & pain relievers Menopause: absence of menstruation due to age (40s- 50s); hot flashes, osteoporosis, mood swings, weight change due to lack of hormones; treated by hormone therapy & drugs to lessen hot flashesMenopause: absence of menstruation due to age (40s- 50s); hot flashes, osteoporosis, mood swings, weight change due to lack of hormones; treated by hormone therapy & drugs to lessen hot flashes

9. Questions?

10. References https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uA7Xny276skhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uA7Xny276skhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uA7Xny276sk http://www.healthywomen.org/condition/progesteronehttp://www.healthywomen.org/condition/progesteronehttp://www.healthywomen.org/condition/progesterone Marieb, E. (1995). Human anatomy and physiology (9th ed.). Redwood City, Calif.: Benjamin/Cummings. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases- conditions/amenorrhea/basics/treatment/con-20031561http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases- conditions/amenorrhea/basics/treatment/con-20031561 http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menstrual- cramps/basics/definition/con-20025447http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menstrual- cramps/basics/definition/con-20025447