1. „Forests in Poland and Europe. Characteristics and management” Ojców National Park

2. Tundra is type of biome where the tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons. In tundra, the vegetation is composed of dwarf shrubs, sedges and grasses, mosses, and lichens. Boreal Forest- lies to the south of the tundra and to the north of deciduous forests and grasslands. Many plant species are found in the Taiga, but coniferous trees are obviously the dominant plant form. the vegetation is composed of Fir, pine, moss, lichen Temperate forests correspond to forest concentration formed in the northern and southern hemisphere, or in temperate regions. Main characteristics include: wide leaves, large and tall trees and non seasonal vegetation. The main trees found in these forests are the great redwood, oak, ash, maple, birch, beech, poplar, elm and pine. Steppe is an ecoregion, in the montane grasslands and shrublands and temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biomes, characterized by grassland plains without trees apart from those near rivers and lakes. Mediterranean vegetation, any scrubby, dense vegetation composed of broad-leaved evergreen shrubs, bushes, and small trees Kinds of forests in Europe

3. Forested area in Poland Poland is in european’s lead countries have very high area of forests. Forests take 29.4 % territory of our country they are growing up on 9.1 mln ha. Trees are still growing in numbers. Woodiness in Poland from 1995 to 2011 have grown about 388 tys ha. Most of the forests in Poland are state- owned Polish forests are richness in vegetation, animals and mashrooms.

4. Some information about parks in Poland National parks rested National parks cover only 1 % of Polish territory. But what a 1 % ! We can find everything there: mountains, sea, lakes. We can see bison, shifting sand dunes or the tree under which Jagiello once rested.There are 23 national parks in total. The oldest is Bialowieski National Park, founded 86 years ago, which consists of an area of virgin forest inhabited by Europe’s largest mammals (the bison) as well as its smallest (the pygmy shrew, weighing only a few grams).

5. Polish national parks

6. There are 23 national parks in Poland: Babia Góra National Park Białowieża National Park Biebrza National Park Bieszczady National Park Tuchola Forest National Park Drawno National Park Gorce National Park Stołowe Mountains National Park Kampinos National Park Karkonosze National Park Magura National Park Narew National Park Ojcowski National Park Pieniny National Park Polesie National Park Roztocze National Park Słowiński National Park Świętokrzyski National Park Tatra National Park Ujście Warty National Park Wielkopolska National Park Wigry National Park Wolin National Park Landscape belts: Baltic Sea coast Lake belt Lowland belt Upland belt Sudete Mountains Carpathian Mountains

7. National Parks area

8. Management in National Parks The area of national parks is divided into different areas using separate methods of conservation. There are strict protection zone, active and landscape. In areas bordering the park designated as buffer zone of the national park. The buffer zone can be formed protective zone of game animals and are non-inclusion of hunting. National parks is available to visit, but tourism can be here only in designated areas, trails, roads, paths. National Parks are funded from the central budget. Are managed by the directors, as an advisory body to the Council of the park. The April 30, 2004 parks were supervised by the National Board of National Parks. From 1 May 2004, the duties were taken over by the Ministry of the Environment - Department of Forestry, Nature Conservation and Landscape since January 19, 2007 Independent Department for Natura 2000 areas and National Parks. The National Parks Unit of the National Board of the Polish Ecological Club has taken the position that forests constitute one of the most important elements of our nation’s ecosystems and so must be given considerable attention. Poland’s efforts to prepare for European Union membership have also drawn attention to environmental quality issues, including forest issues.

9. The smallest National Park Ujście Warty ● Area: 80,38 km² ● Creation date: 2001 ● The Warta River Mouth National Park stretches across the Toruńsko- Eberswaldzka glacial river valley, close to where the Warta flows into the River Odra. Open meadows overgrown with alder and crisscrossed by a dense network of canals and old riverbeds are characteristic of the park landscape. The River Warta flows right through the park’s center.

10. The largest National Park Biebrzański ● Area: 592,2 km² ● Creation date: 1993 ● With an area of close to 600 square kilometres, the Biebrza National Park is Poland’s biggest national park. It is situated in the north-eastern part of the country, in the province of Podlasie. The park extends over the Biebrza river valley.This part of the country is where the Biebrza Marshes, Poland’s biggest marshland, is situated. The area is one of the largest habitats of marshland birds in Central and Western Europe.

11. Bialowieski National Park Area:105,2 km² Creation date : 1921 Is the oldest, founded 86 years ago, which consists of an area of virgin forest inhabited by Europe’s largest mammals (the bison) as well as its smallest (the pygmy shrew, weighing only a few grams). The park is also famous for its record- breaking trees, in terms of both age and size. It is said that under Jagiello’s Oak (circumference 550 cm, height 39 m)

12. Świętokrzyski National Park Area: 29,44 m² Creation date : 1950 The Świętokrzyski National Park is situated in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship and encompasses the central part of the Świętokrzyskie Mountains together with their highest peak: Łysica (612 m a.s.l.). The most amazing area in National Park is Świętokrzyskie Gołoborza The name gołoborza is probably of folk origin. It describes woodless areas of mountain slopes. Gołoborza are built of the Cambrian quartzitic sandstone which is over 500 million years old.

13. Drawieński National Park ● Area : 114,41 km² ● Creation date : 1 st of may 1990 ● Forests in the Park occupy 83% of the area. They are mostly beech and oak-beech and pine forests. In addition, 10% of the water park occupy lakes with rivers. The main rivers: the Drava and Płociczna. Lake: 20 reservoirs, including unique in the country, Black Lake. The largest lake Ostrowiec. In the park there are 20 areas of strict

14. Ojcowski National Park ● Area : 21,46 km² ● Creation date : 14 th January 1954 ● It lies in the southern part of the Krakow-Czestochowa Upland and includes the central part of the Pradnik Valley, part of the Valley Sąspowskiej and adjacent parts of the Jurassic plateau. It is the smallest of the Polish national parks. Its symbol is a bat.

15. https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=0wkyBwAAQBAJ&pg =PT348&lpg=PT348&dq=polish+1+Management+in+nation al+parks&source=bl&ots=2H8UydTYUR&sig=QZ9W- PqK_gZoB- 0BIbWzthk2Sio&hl=pl&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj7manT8M_LA hVMDJoKHfbgD58Q6AEISjAE#v=onepage&q=polish%201% 20Management%20in%20national%20parks&f=false https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_P oland https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_P oland http://www.polska.pl/en/tourism/national-parks/ http://ulub.pl/download/6Vm8C87H8x/odglosy-natury-cz1- ptaki-wiatr-zaby-szum-lasu-relaks-dla-ciebie http://ulub.pl/download/6Vm8C87H8x/odglosy-natury-cz1- ptaki-wiatr-zaby-szum-lasu-relaks-dla-ciebie Wiktoria Lotko kl.IIIc Karol Szymański kl.IIa Natalia Karbownik kl.IIIc Gimnazjum nr1 im. Kacpra Fodygi w Chęcinach