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The Early Middle Ages
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The Middle Ages (400-1500 CE) After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Europe went through DISORDER and CHANGE! Development of Western Culture Classical heritage of Rome Christian beliefs Customs of Germanic tribes Middle Ages or Medieval Period – Middle of what?
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German Invasions Running From Huns South: Ostrogoths, Vandals England: Angles and Saxons Germany: Franks Spain: Visigoths Europe c. 500 C.E.
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Anglo-Saxons England From Denmark & Germany Conquer Britons Splintered kingdoms
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Increasing Power of Church Priests are educated class Convert Germanic tribes St. Patrick – Ireland St. Boniface – Germany Serve religious & social needs Power over kings & nobles Excommunication
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Frankish Rulers Germanic peoples shape post-Roman Europe!
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Clovis and the Merovingians Clovis (481-511) Conquered France (called Gaul) Converted to Christianity Founder of Merovingian dynasty
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Carolingian Dynasty Charles Martel Pepin the Short Gets Pope’s support Becomes King of Franks Took Italy from Lombards Gives land to Pope (Papal States) Son is Charlemagne
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Charlemagne - ruled for 46 Years!! Wants to unite all Christian lands and create a “new Roman Empire” Includes most of Western Europe Anointed Holy Roman Emperor Crowned on Christmas day in 800 Byzantines protest
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more Charlemagne… Government and Culture All must accept Christianity Supports learning Churches, roads, and schools Roaming judges check on empire New Bible
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Charlemagne and Harun al-Rashid exchanging gifts - Franks: Spanish horses, cloaks, hunting dogs Abassids: silks, perfume, a water clock, and an albino elephant named Abul Abbas
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Yep, still Charlemagne Death in 814 843 - Treaty of Verdun splits empire among 3 grandsons France, Germany, Italy Progress ruined by Vikings Feudalism follows
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Feudalism
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Invasions Vikings by boat From Scandanavia Attack all over Europe Along coast and sail up rivers Settle in Russia, Britain, France Magyars on horseback From Hungary Pillage from Greece to Spain Knights stop invasions Both convert to Christianity St. Stephen I First King of Hungary
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Invasions disrupt trade Lords and Knights provide protection Manors Towns decline Feudalism strengthened Rise of Feudalism
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Knights Heavily armored horses lances Disadvantages expensive long training Chivalry Code of behavior Courage, fairness, loyalty, courteous
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Feudalism (political and social system) Lords – leader/higher rank Grant land (fief) to vassal Vassal lower lord promises loyalty and military service to lord Serfs Peasants legally bound to land
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Manorial System (economy) Manor Large farming estate Support Lord and knights Peasants (serfs) work land Part for self /part for lord
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Medieval Manor
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TheEndTheEnd
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