1. Tensions at Home and Abroad Unit 9

2. There are a lot of things going on in the country in the 60’s The civil rights movement for African Americans The civil rights movement for African Americans A new president – JFK A new president – JFK Hispanic’s Rights Hispanic’s Rights Women’s rights Women’s rights Native American’s Native American’s rights rights Vietnam Vietnam Etc… Etc…

3. America (and the world) had seen how evil ideas of racism could become with Hitler and his ideas

4. Since 1896 there had been the idea of: “separate but equal” But everyone knows things weren’t equal But everyone knows things weren’t equal A court case – Brown vs. the Board of Education (8) of Topeka – said separate but equal was not really equal. A court case – Brown vs. the Board of Education (8) of Topeka – said separate but equal was not really equal. This was at first limited to public schools, but later was expanded to other public areas. This was at first limited to public schools, but later was expanded to other public areas.

5. About 6 months after the Brown court case came the Montgomery bus boycott (11) Rosa Parks was arrested – you know the basic story. Rosa Parks was arrested – you know the basic story. With her churches support, the African Americans of Montgomery Alabama decided to boycott the bus service. With her churches support, the African Americans of Montgomery Alabama decided to boycott the bus service. They were also supported by a young (26 years old) Baptist minister – Martin Luther King, Jr. (13) (the first time he’s really noticed as a leader) They were also supported by a young (26 years old) Baptist minister – Martin Luther King, Jr. (13) (the first time he’s really noticed as a leader) (Page 3 in your packets has more on Martin Luther King)

6. The boycott lasted for about a year. The boycott lasted for about a year. The violence and threats of whites to the non- violent actions of the boycott made the whole nation take notice. The violence and threats of whites to the non- violent actions of the boycott made the whole nation take notice. The bus segregation law went to the courts and was declared unconstitutional. The bus segregation law went to the courts and was declared unconstitutional. This boycott also led to the founding of the SCLC – a leading civil rights group. This boycott also led to the founding of the SCLC – a leading civil rights group. (the Southern Christian Leadership Conference) (the Southern Christian Leadership Conference)

7. Schools were another focus of integration Polls showed about 80% of Southern whites opposed desegregation (18/19) Polls showed about 80% of Southern whites opposed desegregation (18/19) (Stopping the separation of people by race) (Stopping the separation of people by race) The KKK gets a little more active again – with beatings, arson, and murder to threaten people who push for their civil rights The KKK gets a little more active again – with beatings, arson, and murder to threaten people who push for their civil rights

8. Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas is the place many people think of when they think of the desegregation of schools The school board made plans to integrate (22/23) (mix…) Central High School. The school board made plans to integrate (22/23) (mix…) Central High School. The governor sided with the segregationists and ordered troops to turn away 9 African American students who showed up at school. The governor sided with the segregationists and ordered troops to turn away 9 African American students who showed up at school. For 3 weeks, they were not allowed in the school. For 3 weeks, they were not allowed in the school.

9. President Eisenhower realized he had no choice He ordered the governor to let them into the school. He ordered the governor to let them into the school. Eisenhower sent the army to protect the students. Eisenhower sent the army to protect the students. There continued to be arguments and one year later it was decided they’d rather close the school There continued to be arguments and one year later it was decided they’d rather close the school

10. More protests included sit-ins (29) In 1960, 4 students protested at a Woolworth’s lunch counter. In 1960, 4 students protested at a Woolworth’s lunch counter. They were refused service because they were African American. They were refused service because they were African American. They kept coming back each day with more and more protestors. They kept coming back each day with more and more protestors. More and more sit-ins took place all over the country as a peaceful way to protest. More and more sit-ins took place all over the country as a peaceful way to protest. These protestors had to deal with things being thrown at them, being beaten, being burned with cigarettes, and even going to jail. These protestors had to deal with things being thrown at them, being beaten, being burned with cigarettes, and even going to jail.