1. Spreadsheet Calculations Formulas & Functions Computer Applications I

2.  =A1+B2  A sequence of values, cell references, names, functions, or operators in a cell that together produce a new value.  A formula always begins with an equal sign (=).  Requires mathematical operators. FORMULA

3.  Operators specify the type of calculation.  There are four different types of formula calculation operators: 1. Arithmetic 2. Comparison 3. Text 4. Reference. MATHEMATICAL OPERATORS

4. ARITHEMETIC (Mathematical Operators) Addition (3+3) Subtraction (3–1) or Negation (–1) Multiplication (3 * 3) Division (3 / 3) Percent (20%) Exponentiation (3 ^ 2)

5. COMPARISON (Mathematical Operators) Equal to (A1=B1) Greater than (A1>B1) Less than (A1<B1) Greater than or equal to (A1>=B1) Less than or equal to (A1<=B1) Not equal to (A1<>B1)

6. COMPARISON (Mathematical Operators) When two values are compared by using these operators, the result is a logical value either TRUE or FALSE.

7. TEXT (Mathematical Operators) Ampersand (&) connects text strings, numbers, or single-cell references to produce a single piece of text. =CONCATENATE("Stream population for ",A2," ",A3," is ",A4,"/mile") (Stream population for brook trout species is 32/mile)

8. REFERENCE (Mathematical Operators)  Colon ( : ) indicates cell range. (B5:B15)  Comma (, ) combines multiple cell ranges into one reference. (SUM(B5:B15,D5:D15))  Space ( ) is the intersection operator, which produces a common reference for both cell ranges. (B7:D7 C6:C8)

9. FORMULA: Order of Operations Excel evaluates the operators from left to right unless a parentheses encloses the numerical data. =5+2*3 =(5+2)*3 11 21

10. Combining Formulas & Functions In the example below, the parentheses around the first part of the formula force Excel to calculate B4+25 first and then divide the result by the sum of the values in cells D5, E5, and F5. =(B4+25)/SUM(D5:F5)

11. FUNCTION  = AVG (A1:B1)  Predefined formulas that perform calculations by using specific values, called arguments, in a particular order, or structure.  SHORTCUT!

12. AUTOSUM  = SUM(A1:B1)  Function that adds all values within a range of cells.  Range can be altered by highlighting and clicking.

13. USING FUNCTIONS  Sum ~ Total of values using addition.  Average ~ The average of the values.  Max ~ The largest value.  Min ~ The smallest value.  Count ~ The amount of data entries. (Default function for data other than numbers.) =SUM (A1:B1) =AVG (A1:B1) =MAX (A1:B1) =MIN (A1:B1) =COUNT (A1:B1)