1. IOM and Counter Trafficking Efforts Partnership Actions on the fight against corruption, organised crime and human trafficking P2P Study Tour 13-16 April 2010 Brussels International Organization for Migration

2. 2 IOM is … The Migration Agency The global, inter-governmental organization dealing with the entire range of migration issues 127 Member States and 89 Observers* More than 450 field locations in over 120 countries Operational staff - more than 7,000 Over 2,000 active projects *including 70 global and regional IGOs and NGOs Overview of IOM

3. 3 Return Post conflict/community stabilization Capacity building Integration/Reintegration of returnees and IDPs Labour Migration/Irregular Migration Integrated Border Management Counter-trafficking IOM Activities in the Region

4. 4 Trafficking of persons means: “the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of threat, use of force or other means of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the receiving or giving of payment… to a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation.” Definition of Trafficking

5. 5 1. Recruitment 2. Transport 3. Harbouring 4. Receipt Abduction or abuse of power Deceit and/or fraud Exploitation Threat of Force or Use of Force What are the means? What are the objectives? What is the process? Forced Labour Sexual Exploitation Removal of Organs Servitude Definition of Trafficking

6. 6 Regionally and Internationally between States Government NGOs and Civil Society International Organisations A multi-stakeholder approach

7. 7 IOM’s four pillar approach PREVENTION PROTECTION ASSISTANCE PROSECUTION ROOT CAUSES RESEARCH, DATA GATHERING & ANALYSIS (DATABASE) AWARENESS RAISING SOUND MIGRATION POLICIES COMBATING PHENOMENA CONNECTED: ORGANISED CRIME PARTNERSHIP EMPOWERING VICTIMS HUMAN RIGHTS CENTRED RETURN & REINTEGRATION PROGRAMS INSTITUTION & CAPACITY BUILDING of GOVERNMENTS, NGOs, IOs & Civil Society

8. 8 in case of trafficking for sexual exploitation, there is a necessity to ‘market’ and advertise the availability of their victims – it is a weak point which can be used for the benefit of the victims and allow their rescue can be done by law enforcement agencies multi-agency cooperation (consular officials, immigration departments, outreach services, religious organizations, NGOs) exchange of intelligence profiling of victims (numbers, age groups, level of education, employment history, economic status, recruitment methodology, relationship to the recruiter, transportation methods and routes, etc.) and modus operandi of traffickers Victim Identification and Assistance

9. 9 Respect for human rights, dignity and well-being Informed consent of the trafficked individual Voluntary participation in any and all programmes Full respect of privacy and need for confidentiality Self-determination and participation Non-discrimination Individualized treatment and care (including minors) Safety, security and comfort Continuing & comprehensive care Principles of assistance to VoTs

10. 10 First referral Sheltering Medical/Psychological/psychiatric assistance Legal assistance and documentation Travel and transit support Social assistance Access to education Vocational training Job placement and subsidized employment Income generating activities Return & Reintegration for VoTs

11. 11 IOM’s Global Counter-Trafficking Database since 1999 Scope: Is currently accessible to all IOM missions Contains primary data on approx. 14,000 trafficked persons Around 100 Destination Countries and 80 Origin countries Two Purposes: Case Management - serves to collect information & monitor IOM’s assistance to trafficked persons. Research – strengthens understanding of the causes, processes, trends & consequences of trafficking. How is data collected? Screening Interview Form – assesses eligibility for assistance through one of IOM’s counter-trafficking projects. Assistance Interview Form – includes more in-depth information on the assistance delivered.

12. 12 Age Gender Nationality Documentation (lack of) Last location Context Signs of physical and psychological abuse; unkempt and neglected appearance Behaviour: the victim does not dare to speak, gives an impression of acting according to instructions; tries to escape, is anxious or afraid Assessment of the referring agency Victim Identification

13. 13 Top 7: Ukrainian, Moldovan, Belarusian, Romanian, Malian, Ghanaian, Indonesian 81% international / 19% internal Female 82% / Male 18% Sexual exploitation 69% Forced labour26% Sexual and labour exploitation 2% Petty Crime 1% Other 2% IOM’s CT Database Overall Figures

14. 14 Due to their geographical situation, WB/Turkey are countries of: Origin Transit Final destination Trafficking in the Western Balkans and Turkey current situation

15. 15 Top countries of origin to WB/Turkey: Ukraine, Romania, Moldova, Albania, Russia, Belarus and Bulgaria. –Female 96% / Male 4% –Sexual exploitation 63% –Forced labour 9% –Other 28% (criminal activity, forced military service, forced marriage, organ removal, adoption) Top countries of destination from WB/Turkey: Kosovo, Albania, Italy, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Serbia, Macedonia. –Female 97% / Male 3% –Sexual exploitation 53.5% –Forced labour 4.5% –Other 42% IOM’s CT Database Statistics for WB/Turkey

16. 16 Root causes: poverty, lack of opportunities, domestic violence, lack of opportunities for legal migration Increase in the trafficking in minors Increase in internal trafficking Majority of victims have elementary/high school education (or less) and history of unemployment Many were abused by family members or grew up without parental support Trafficking Trends in WB/Turkey

17. 17 trafficking has moved into private apartments more use is made of Internet/phone communications small payments are made to victims to avoid denunciation participation of women as traffickers and pimps use of legal documents when crossing the border Trafficking Trends (continued)

18. 18 Sustainable Labour Market Response to VOTs’ Economic Inclusion (Serbia) Capacity Building of Police to Suppress Cross Border Irregular Migration and Organized Crime (Montenegro) Kosovo Anti-trafficking Programme (Kosovo) Strengthening Local Capacities to Prevent And Counteract Trafficking in Human Beings (BiH) Technical Assistance to Imporve Capacities in the Fight Against Organized Crime, with Focus on Human Trafficking (Macedonia) Strengthening the Capacity of Community Based Service Providers for Reintegration of Victims of Trafficking (Albania) Combating Trafficking through Legal Assistance (Turkey) Examples of IOM CT Activities in WB and Turkey

19. 19 IOM’s CT campaigns in the region: “Do not trade with your life” (BiH) “In the world, every year countless women, men and children who are running after a hope are becoming a victim of trafficking. Call 157 and save a life!” (Turkey)

20. 20 IOM’s CT campaigns in the region: Easily recognizable Easily remembered Repetitive in different forms One slogan – compact message Ne dőlj be ! Don’t Fall For It ! (Hungary)

21. 21 IOM’s CT campaigns in the region: Concert organized on Day to Combat Trafficking in Persons, 18 October 2008 (Montenegro)

22. 22 Monitor and adapt responses to the diversification of recruitment methods (e.g. victims become recruiters in exchange for their freedom) Monitor and adapt responses to the diversification of exploitation purposes: labour, organs, adoption… Monitor and adapt responses to changing routes Improve data collection Establish more and improve conditions of shelters for victims More intensive institutional responses in providing assistance to VoTs Lobby for and secure state funding for core CT programs such as shelters Legislation: criminalize trafficking Future challenges

23. 23 ……ADDRESS THE ROOT CAUSES poverty lack of employment opportunities lack of education lack of equality and discrimination violence demand...But primarily

24. 24 Thank You! Dana Graber Ladek Head of IOM Regional Support Unit Central and South Eastern Europe http://www.iom.int International Organization for Migration