1. Republic of South Sudan BY MARK LINK AND TARA GRAVALLESE

2. Background Information South Sudan is the world’s newest country, located in Central-Africa with a new capital (Juba). South Sudan was founded on the 9 th of July in 2011 after succession from Sudan over constricting the rights of the southerners in the political system. Current day South Sudan

3. The History of South Sudan’s Struggle Before the creation of South Sudan, Sudan had many civil wars and conflicts with southern rebels over issues such as speech in government and laws/ regulations. The map above shows the newly defined borders between Sudan and South Sudan after separation.

4. The First Civil War  Lasted from 1955-1972.  Started due to southerners wanting more representation in political policy system.  In the 17 years of conflict over half a million people died.  Only one in five of those people were actually combatants of war, meaning the rest were innocent civilians.  Finally ended with the enactment of the Addis Ababa Agreement (1972).

5. The Second Civil War  1983 – 2005 (*technically)  This war was once again between the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A) and the Sudanese government.  Looked like it was coming to a conclusion with talks of peace between 1988 and 1989.

6. The Second Civil War cant..  However, peace was forgot when currently President Omar al-Bashir took power in the 1989.  Two and a half-million people dead and over four million displaced.  Finally the Sudanese government and the SPLM/A came to agreement for peace with the help of international mediators and U.S. diplomacy in 2005.

7. But was peace truly achieved?  Since gaining their official independence in 2011, tension and violence still rock the country and there is an uneasy feeling that the fighting is not even close to ending.  On December 15, 2013 tensions between factions loyal to the President Salva Kiir (Dinka ethnic group) and those of his former Vice- President Reik Machar (Nuer ethnic group) exploded into violent confrontation.

8.  Bloodshed in the capital city of Juba, as the streets became a battle ground. Innocents and families alike caught in the cross-fire meant thousands more lives lost.  Nations around the world hung their heads at the realization that even after so much success in peace talks and treaties, that South-Sudan was once again a warzone.

9. How did the wars affect the Sudan society  Many of Sudan’s residence have never returned home since the peace treaty.  Many children whose entire childhoods were in refugee camps never learned to speak the local dialect.  As 40% of the civilians live below the poverty line, many have feel they have nothing to return to as their houses are in rubble.  While gone, many looters and robbers ransacked buildings. Taking whatever wealth the families had left even after the destruction. (Above is an illustration of a typical Sudan refugee camp)

10. The Sad Statistics of South-Sudan  With an estimated still 2.2 million people still facing crisis or emergency levels of food insecurity, it ranks one position under what levels would be during famines or humanitarian catastrophe.  As of September 2014, 1.8 million people are still to scared to return to their homes even after humanitarian efforts have help return over 3.1 million people safely.

11. Pledge Awareness So what can we do? How can we make a difference ? With the case of South-Sudan it is extremely difficult as the availability of weapons, ethnic tensions among armed groups, and limited economic opportunity means the country is primed for conflict.

12. We Pledge. Along with many others, we pledge to not be silent about the current genocide going on in South-Sudan. We as society can also help by donating through the UN Refugee Agency, who are currently having a problem with funding and aren’t able to give the kind of support needed. It is estimated that if everyone donated just $2 that we could help support those in need by a astounding 74% more then current funding.

13. Work Cited Title Image - http://www.fletcherforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/South-Sudan1.jpghttp://www.fletcherforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/South-Sudan1.jpg Map location on Africa - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/South_Sudan_in_Africa_(claimed)_(-mini_map_-rivers).svg/635px- South_Sudan_in_Africa_(claimed)_(-mini_map_-rivers).svg.pnghttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/South_Sudan_in_Africa_(claimed)_(-mini_map_-rivers).svg/635px- South_Sudan_in_Africa_(claimed)_(-mini_map_-rivers).svg.png Background Flag Symbol - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Seal_of_South_Sudan.svg/2000px-Seal_of_South_Sudan.svg.pnghttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Seal_of_South_Sudan.svg/2000px-Seal_of_South_Sudan.svg.png South Sudan facts about information and politics along with geography- https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/od.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/od.html Sudan/ South Sudan Map - http://www.operationworld.org/files/ow/maps/lgmap/suda-MMAP-md.pnghttp://www.operationworld.org/files/ow/maps/lgmap/suda-MMAP-md.png History of the conflicts in Sudan - http://www.enoughproject.org/conflicts/sudans/history-of-the-conflicthttp://www.enoughproject.org/conflicts/sudans/history-of-the-conflict Tank picture - http://images.alarabiya.net/22/29/640x392_65096_209917.jpghttp://images.alarabiya.net/22/29/640x392_65096_209917.jpg Young teens at war - http://c5.nrostatic.com/sites/default/files/uploaded/south-sudan-civil-war-r.jpghttp://c5.nrostatic.com/sites/default/files/uploaded/south-sudan-civil-war-r.jpg Agreement Handshake between Sudan and SPLM - http://www.sudantribune.com/local/cache-vignettes/L395xH260/arusha_agreement_1_ap-7bec8.jpghttp://www.sudantribune.com/local/cache-vignettes/L395xH260/arusha_agreement_1_ap-7bec8.jpg Conflicts created today - http://www.rgs.org/OurWork/Schools/Teaching+resources/Key+Stage+3+resources/Africa+A+continent+of+contrasts/Conflict+in+Sudan.htm http://www.rgs.org/OurWork/Schools/Teaching+resources/Key+Stage+3+resources/Africa+A+continent+of+contrasts/Conflict+in+Sudan.htm Sudan Refugee Camp photo - http://www.rodgerbosch.co.za/photos/chad%20refugee/Img038.jpghttp://www.rodgerbosch.co.za/photos/chad%20refugee/Img038.jpg Sudan after peace treaty info - http://www.enoughproject.org/conflicts/sudans/conflicts-south-sudanhttp://www.enoughproject.org/conflicts/sudans/conflicts-south-sudan Sudan street corner - http://blog.gaborit-d.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Tomas-Munita%E2%80%94The-New-York-TimesRedux-times-2015.jpghttp://blog.gaborit-d.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Tomas-Munita%E2%80%94The-New-York-TimesRedux-times-2015.jpg Graph - https://www.mint.com/sites/default/files/119596640.jpghttps://www.mint.com/sites/default/files/119596640.jpg Statistic Information - http://www.ushmm.org/confront-genocide/cases/south-sudanhttp://www.ushmm.org/confront-genocide/cases/south-sudan UN funding - http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/sep/06/refugee-crisis-un-agencies-broke-failinghttp://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/sep/06/refugee-crisis-un-agencies-broke-failing Hands shaking - http://cliparts.co/cliparts/pT5/878/pT5878M8c.jpghttp://cliparts.co/cliparts/pT5/878/pT5878M8c.jpg