1. Natural Disaster Monitoring and Alert System Using Sensors to Save Lives Laércio M. Namikawa – Eymar Lopes Bilateral Research Workshop INPE – ifgi March 2009

2. SIStema de Monitoramento e Alerta de DEsastres Naturais Version 1.0Version 2.0 Released July/11/2008July/2009 www.dpi.inpe.br/sismaden Natural Disaster Monitoring and Alert System

3. reference: Adapted from GEO BRASIL 2002 - Perspectivas do Meio Ambiente no Brasil – Edições Ibama, 2002. Natural Disasters in Brazil Forest fires Flooding Droughts Landslides Flooding Landslides Forest fires Flooding High winds Hail storms 12 Oil refineries 4 Petrochemical Complexes

4. Natural Disasters in Brazil Santa Catarina – Nov. 2009

7. Natural Disasters in Brazil Source (adpated): Vulnerabilidade Ambiental / Rozely Ferreira dos Santos, organizadora. – Brasilia: MMA, 2007. 192 p. : il. color. ; 29 cm. Droughts Floods Epidemic Landslides Extreme temperature High winds

8. www.cptec.inpe.br Center for Weather Forecast and Climate Studies

9. CPTEC Weather ForecastsCPTEC Weather Forecasts

11. CPTEC Observations Satellite

12. CPTEC Observations Radar

13. CPTEC Observations Data Collection Platforms

14. CPTEC Emergency Actions For Preparation and Mitigation in States and Municipalities National Secretariat for Civil Defense Regional and Municipalities Civil Defenses State Coordination for Civil Defense- SP CPTEC Alerts Civil Defense is notified when forecast indicates that intense or long lasting rain has potential to trigger natural disastres

15. Technological Support TerraLib: Geographical database and spatial operation by TerraLib: www.terralib.orgwww.terralib.org

16. Spatial Analysis AdditionalInformation Natural Disasters Risks Alerts Hidrology and Meteorology Observations and Forecasts Extreme Event Risk Areas Automatically Generated AlertsAutomatically Generated Alerts

17. Open Source Computational System based on service oriented architecture Provides technological infrastructure to develop operational systems to manage alerts of environmental risks Services: Data gathering and formatting Analysis by comparison with risk layers or by executing models Risk model edition for alerts Alert handling and management SIStema de Monitoramento e Alerta de DEsastres Naturais Natural Disaster Monitoring and Alert System

18. Natural Disasters Monitoring and Alert System

19. Configuration Interface Register data servers and sources Register risk maps and base maps Program analysis Register users and permissions

20. Configuration Interface Climate data Risk Maps Base Maps Analyses Users Add Server Main Menu

21. Data from CPTEC CPTEC Server ModelsSatellite/RadarDCP Rain total Fixed time and irregular – alert Point data One file per DCP Grid 4km Total rain 1h Total rain 24h Current (mm/h) Binary file ETA 40, 20, 5 Km Ensemble 40 Km Total rain 72h 72 files ASCII grid file Configuration Interface

22. Hidrometeorological Servers FTP File ftp://150.163.133.245/ c:\data\grids Rain/bingrd Configuration Interface

23. Hydrometeorological Data Series Grids Hydroestimator Lightning Radar Forecast Models Points DCPs (data collection platforms) Configuration Interface

24. Hydrometeorological Grid Data Series ASCII-GRID PCD TIFF GrADS Forecasted Total Others Radar.%a%M%d.%h%m.tif Configuration Interface

25. Hydrometeorological Grid Data Series New Version Extreme event threshold Save storage and analysis Area clipping Storage strategy Delete unnecessary data New formats Cumulative data. Ex: File with rain for every hour during forecast period (72 hours) Configuration Interface

26. Point Data Series - DCPs DCPs Location Pre calculation of data series DCP Configuration Interface

27. DCPs Point Data Series Pre calculation of new value to be used in the analysis Configuration Interface Lua Collect Rules by Lua www.lua.org

28. Included in database through Risk layers Areas (polygons) + attributes describing the risk Base map layers - Vector or grid layers supporting visualization in alert situations www.dpi.inpe.br/terralib Configuration Interface Register risk maps and base maps

29. Risk Maps Polygons with attributes that specify risk levels Configuration Interface

30. Programming the Analysis Lua User analysis and risk model programming by Lua www.lua.org

31. Risk Analyses Analysis Configuration Interface

32. Analysis Types Using risk maps Executes analyses by areas in risk maps overlaid on hidrometeorological creating alerts in these areas. Model based Ex: SINMAP (Stability INdex MAPping) c – Coesion; β- Slope angle; φ- Soil internal friction; R/T- Reload/transmissivity ratio; a- Watershed area Configuration Interface

33. Analysis Based on Risk Maps Risk Layers Climate Data Configuration Interface

34. Analysis Based on Risk Maps LUA programming language LUA operators: arithmetic: + - * / ^ relational: == ~= = logical: and or not mathematical: math.abs math.acos math.asin math.atan …. TerraLib operators: – zonals: maximo minimo media conta_amostras – historical: operador_historico – grid: amostra Configuration Interface

35. Example - Risk Model Using Hydrometeorological Data in a Grid local ca = maximo(‘total rain') if ca < limiar_ca then return 0 -- Ok elseif ca < limiar_ca * 1.2 then return 2 – Attention level else return 4 – Maximum Alert level end Configuration Interface

36. Example - Risk Model Using Point Data (DCPs) local rain = media(‘dcp_data’,'pluvio') if rain == nil then rain = media('rain_grid') end if rain < threshold then return 0 -- Ok elseif rain < threshold * 1.2 then return 2 – Attention level else return 4 – Maximum alert level end Configuration Interface

37. Model Based Analysis Output Grid Climate Data Configuration Interface

38. Model Based Analysis amostra – value at evaluation location on grid local slope = amostra('slope_grid') local rain = amostra(‘rain_grid') local c= 0.37, B= 34, T=0.00034 return FS = (c*cos^2.slope(1-(rain*a)/T *sin.slope)r )tan.B)/ sin.slope Configuration Interface

39. Risk Analyses New Version Use grids in addition to polygons to define risk areas Define influence areas of DCPs Classify analyses as active, inactive, and conditional (activated by another analysis) Configuration Interface

40. Risk Analyses Stretched Version Functions to validate DCPs data External simulation activated by a risk analysis TerraME program, FORTRAN program, Hidrological modeling Integration with TerraME, TerraHidro TerraHidro – Process Models on generalized flows Configuration Interface

41. Alert and Base Map Overlay Configuration Interface

42. Register Users and Analysis Based Permissions

43. Analysis based Permissions Configuration Interface Register Users for Each Analysis

44. Presentation Interface Users access alerts on internet through login (password required) Visualize current analysis Visualize risk polygons attributes Visualize a polygon risk history

45. WEB Main Interface - TerraPHP Presentation Interface

46. Alert Information Presentation Interface

47. Alert Events per Region Presentation Interface

48. Conclusions Processes extremes captured by risk analyses Vulnerabilities Processes values captured by images and DCPs Easy programming (non-experts) of input processing and risk analysis Data availability, censorship

49. Future Developments Capturing processes relevant changes Validation of DCPs data for a given process Finding and filling gaps in data Using randomly available data Collaborative data: Mobile phone (GPS, images, videos), web cam Use of OGC Sensor Observation Service standard

50. DCPs Errors

51. Thank You!